滑坡产生的波浪诱发土石坝溃坝机理的实验分析

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI:10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107913

Zhen-han Du, Jia-Wen Zhou, Shi-Chen Zhang, Qi-Ming Zhong, Hai-Bo Li, Yu-Xiang Hu, Cong-Jiang Li, Jie-Yuan Zhang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

高土石坝和大型水库在山区河谷中广泛建设。这些地区包含大量潜在的滑坡区，可能由地震、强降雨或水位波动等外部因素引发。滑坡波的冲击可导致土石坝的溃坝和破坏。为研究土石坝溃决机制和滑坡波侵蚀模式，进行了一系列综合物理实验，模拟了滑坡波坝溃决情景的过程。分析了坝前波浪爬升过程和不同类型波浪的侵蚀特性。还提出了波浪引起的大坝侵蚀和决口的关键准则。考察了各种因素影响下的破壁过程。结果表明：溃坝溃坝在滑坡波作用下可分为3个阶段：涌升冲顶阶段、涌冲冲蚀阶段和常规冲顶侵蚀阶段；当坝前爬波高度高于坝高时(Ri >；（hd）i-1)，坝顶持续受到侵蚀；当坝前平均水位大于冲刷后坝高时(hi >；（hd）i)，土石坝决堤。相同水力条件下，波浪对坝体的侵蚀比自然漫顶条件下的溃坝更为严重。这导致了更快的破坏发展，更早的破坏开始，更高的峰值流量，更长的破坏持续时间，更大的整体风险。

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Experimental analysis on breaching mechanism of earth-rock dam induced by landslide generated waves

High earth-rock dams and large reservoirs have been widely constructed in mountainous river valleys. These areas contain a significant number of potential landslide areas, which can be triggered by external factors, such as earthquakes, heavy rainfall, or water level fluctuations. The impact of landslide-generated waves can lead to the breaching and failure of earth-rock dams. To investigate the breaching mechanisms of earth-rock dams and the erosion patterns caused by landslide-generated waves, a series of integrated physical experiments was conducted to simulate the process of wave-dam breach scenarios. The wave climbing process in front of a dam and the erosion characteristics of different types of waves were analysed. Critical criteria for wave-induced dam erosion and breaches were also proposed. The breaching process was examined under the influence of various factors. The results indicate that the dam breach can be divided into three stages under the impact of landslide-generated waves: surge run-up overtopping stage, surge impact erosion stage, and conventional overtopping erosion stage. When a wave climbing height in front of the dam is higher than the dam height (Ri⁎ > (hd)i-1), the dam crest is continuously eroded; when the average water level in front of the dam is greater than the height of the dam after erosion (hi > (hd)i), the earth-rock dam breaks. The erosion of the dam body induced by waves was more severe under identical hydraulic conditions than dam breaches under natural overtopping. This results in faster breach development, earlier breach initiation, higher peak discharge, longer breach duration, and greater overall risk.

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来源期刊

Engineering Geology 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

13.70

自引率

12.20%

发文量

327

审稿时长

5.6 months

期刊介绍： Engineering Geology, an international interdisciplinary journal, serves as a bridge between earth sciences and engineering, focusing on geological and geotechnical engineering. It welcomes studies with relevance to engineering, environmental concerns, and safety, catering to engineering geologists with backgrounds in geology or civil/mining engineering. Topics include applied geomorphology, structural geology, geophysics, geochemistry, environmental geology, hydrogeology, land use planning, natural hazards, remote sensing, soil and rock mechanics, and applied geotechnical engineering. The journal provides a platform for research at the intersection of geology and engineering disciplines.