The emerging landscape of small nucleolar RNA host gene 10 in cancer mechanistic insights and clinical relevance

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 10 (SNHG10) is a newly recognized long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with significant implications in cancer biology. Abnormal expression of SNHG10 has been observed in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Research conducted in vivo and in vitro has revealed that SNHG10 plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, drug resistance, energy metabolism, immune evasion, as well as tumor growth and metastasis. SNHG10 regulates tumor development through several mechanisms, such as competing with microRNA (miRNA) for binding sites, modulating various signaling pathways, influencing transcriptional activity, and affecting epigenetic regulation. The diverse biological functions and intricate mechanisms of SNHG10 highlight its considerable clinical relevance, positioning it as a potential pan-cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. This review aims to summarize the role of SNHG10 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, clarify the molecular mechanisms at play, and explore its clinical significance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, along with its therapeutic potential.