HMB/Arg/Gln may improve short-term outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer.

Background: The wound healing effects of a specialized amino acid supplement containing calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-arginine, and L-glutamine (HMB/Arg/Gln) have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of HMB/Arg/Gln in the perioperative management of patients with thoracic esophageal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 131 patients who underwent esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer between January 2016 and November 2023. Postoperative infectious complications (PICs) were compared between patients who received HMB/Arg/Gln for 7 days before surgery (n = 95) and those who did not (control group, n = 36).

Results: Among the 111 male and 20 female patients (median age 68 years, range 38-84 years), stage I disease was found in 37 patients, stage II in 26, stage III in 61, and stage IVa in 7. Of the 131 patients, 36 (27.5%) had PICs, with PICs occurring in 20 (21%) of the HMB/Arg/Gln group and 16 (44.4%) of the control group. The PIC rate was significantly lower in the HMB/Arg/Gln than in the control group (p = 0.007). Propensity score matching analysis showed lower rates of anastomotic leakage (5.5% vs. 22.2%; p = 0.04) and Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher PICs (5.5% vs. 27.8%; p = 0.011) in the HMB/Arg/Gln than in the control group. The healing time for anastomotic leakage was shorter in the HMB/Arg/Gln (18 days, range 7-25 days) than in the control group (25 days, range 21-56 days) (p = 0.033).

Conclusions: HMB/Arg/Gln supplementation was associated with reduced risk of anastomotic leakage and PIC severity following esophagectomy.