致幻剂微剂量的动态过程模型。

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104691

Jason Hughes , Joshua Stuart-Bennett , Michael Dunning , Hannah Farrimond

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：现有研究强调致幻剂微剂量的增加，特别是用于治疗目的和作为一种自我增强的手段。然而，我们对进入和退出微剂量的不同途径知之甚少，特别是那些不服用其他非法物质的人，以及涉及发展、维持和停止做法的过程。方法：根据一项基于跨国访谈的研究，我们对23名正在服用微剂量的参与者（n = 19）、即将开始服用的参与者（n = 3）或曾经服用过微剂量的参与者（n = 1）进行了分阶段的分析。结果：我们将关键阶段确定为：“意识/发现”，参与者意识到微剂量；“研究/重构”，他们研究获取途径、技术，并开展“污名化工作”，以重构风险；“获取/供应”，他们寻求可靠和安全的致幻剂来源，并培养长期使用的态度/做法/物质；“实验/分化”，参与者改变剂量水平/时间表，并相互关联地区分“效果”和“益处”；“独立/合并”，他们将实践稳定为“适合他们”的模式；以及“扩展/倡导”，其中微剂量与更大的人际和人际“扩展”有关。结论：微给药内外通路是多线性分化的。尽管如此，动态过程方法有助于突出所涉及的变化的整体结构，我们发现，这可能需要向更大的时间和关系“扩张性”、更大的独立性和更多的合并实践转变。这些转变需要大量的“工作”来消除污名，维持供应，确定剂量，记录转变以及其他类型的材料-象征性的“投资”。我们还展示了过程/阶段模型在迷幻药之外的意义，以更好地理解混淆传统依赖为中心的范式的药物使用过程和暂时性。

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Towards a dynamic processual model of psychedelic microdosing

Background

Existing research highlights an increase in psychedelic microdosing, particularly for therapeutic purposes and as a means for self-enhancement. However, we know little about the different routes into and out of microdosing, particularly by those who do not consume other illicit substances, and of the processes involved in the development, maintenance, and cessation of practices.

Methods

Drawing upon a trans-national interview-based study of 23 participants actively microdosing (n = 19), about to start (n = 3), or who were past users (n = 1), we develop a phased-based analysis of different user pathways.

Results

We identify key phases as: ‘Awareness/Discovery’, where participants became aware of microdosing; ‘Research/Reframing’, where they researched access, techniques, and undertook ‘stigma work’ to reframe risks; ‘Access/Supply’ where they sought reliable and safe sources of psychedelics and cultivated attitudes/practices/substances for longer-term use; ‘Experimentation/Differentiation’ where participants altered dosing levels/schedules and, inter-relatedly, differentiated ‘effects’ and ‘benefits’; ‘Independence/Incorporation’ where they stabilised practices into patterns ‘right for them’; and ‘Expansion/Advocacy’ where microdosing was linked to greater inter- and intrapersonal ‘expansiveness’.

Conclusions

Pathways in and out of microdosing are multilinear and differentiated. Nonetheless, a dynamic processual approach helps highlight the overall structure of changes involved which, we find, can entail a shift towards greater temporal and relational ‘expansiveness’, greater independence, and more incorporated practices. These shifts necessitated considerable ‘work’ variously to negate stigma, maintain supply, determine dose, document shifts, and other kinds of material–symbolic ‘investment’. We also show the significance of processual/phased-based models beyond psychedelics to better understand drug-use journeys and temporalities which confound conventional dependency-focused paradigms.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Drug Policy SUBSTANCE ABUSE-

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

11.40%

发文量

307

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Drug Policy provides a forum for the dissemination of current research, reviews, debate, and critical analysis on drug use and drug policy in a global context. It seeks to publish material on the social, political, legal, and health contexts of psychoactive substance use, both licit and illicit. The journal is particularly concerned to explore the effects of drug policy and practice on drug-using behaviour and its health and social consequences. It is the policy of the journal to represent a wide range of material on drug-related matters from around the world.