作为 THIRSTEE 计划的展示项目,TOI-406 的特征描述

IF 5.4 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
G. Lacedelli, E. Pallé, R. Luque, C. Cadieux, J. M. Akana Murphy, F. Murgas, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, H. M. Tabernero, K. A. Collins, C. N. Watkins, A. L’Heureux, R. Doyon, D. Jankowski, G. Nowak, É. Artigau, N. M. Batalha, J. L. Bean, F. Bouchy, M. Brady, B. L. Canto Martins, I. Carleo, M. Cointepas, D. M. Conti, N. J. Cook, I. J. M. Crossfield, J. I. González Hernández, P. Lewin, N. Nari, L. D. Nielsen, J. Orell-Miquel, L. Parc, R. P. Schwarz, G. Srdoc, V. Van Eylen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

上下文。海王星以下的系外行星目前提出了一个难题,即小型行星是没有大气层的挥发物丰富的核心,还是被H-He包层包围的岩石核心。为了从观测的角度检验不同的假设,对小尺寸行星进行精确的质量和半径测量是必要的第一步。除此之外,可能还需要更多的信息,包括大气特征和它们的体积特性的人口统计学观点。我们在这里介绍THIRSTEE项目的概念和策略,该项目旨在通过增加它们的数量和提高体积密度测量的准确性,以及调查它们的大气和执行统计、人口统计分析,来阐明海王星以下恒星类型的构成。我们报告了这个项目的第一个结果,描述了一个围绕m矮星toi -406的新的两行星系统。我们分析了TESS和地面光度测量,以及高精度ESPRESSO和NIRPS/HARPS径向速度,得出了轨道参数,并研究了围绕toi -406运行的两颗行星的内部组成。TOI-406拥有两颗半径和质量分别为Rc = 1.32±0.12 R⊕,Mc = 2.08−0.22+0.23 M⊕,Rb = 2.08−0.15+0.16 R⊕,Mb = 6.57−0.90+1.00 M⊕的行星,轨道周期分别为3.3天和13.2天。内行星的组成与类地行星一致,而外行星则与多种内部组成模型兼容,包括没有氢/氦大气层的富含挥发物的行星。这两颗行星位于质量密度图的两个不同区域,这支持了M矮星周围的小型系外行星之间存在密度差距的说法。TOI-406 b的平衡温度仅为Teq = 368 K,因此在低温状态下,TOI-406 b是JWST大气表征的一个特别有趣的目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Characterisation of TOI-406 as a showcase of the THIRSTEE program
Context. The exoplanet sub-Neptune population currently poses a conundrum, as to whether small-size planets are volatile-rich cores without an atmosphere, or rocky cores surrounded by a H-He envelope. To test the different hypotheses from an observational point of view, a large sample of small-size planets with precise mass and radius measurements is the first necessary step. On top of that, much more information will likely be needed, including atmospheric characterisation and a demographic perspective on their bulk properties.Aims. We present here the concept and strategy of the THIRSTEE project, which aims to shed light on the composition of the sub-Neptune population across stellar types by increasing their number and improving the accuracy of bulk density measurements, as well as investigating their atmospheres and performing statistical, demographic analysis. We report the first results of the program, characterising a new two-planet system around the M-dwarf TOI-406.Methods. We analysed TESS and ground-based photometry together with high-precision ESPRESSO and NIRPS/HARPS radial velocities to derive the orbital parameters and investigate the internal composition of the two planets orbiting TOI-406.Results. TOI-406 hosts two planets with radii and masses of Rc = 1.32 ± 0.12 R, Mc = 2.08−0.22+0.23 M and Rb = 2.08−0.15+0.16 R, Mb = 6.57−0.90+1.00 M, orbiting with periods of 3.3 and 13.2 days, respectively. The inner planet is consistent with an Earth-like composition, while the external one is compatible with multiple internal composition models, including volatile-rich planets without H/He atmospheres. The two planets are located in two distinct regions in the mass-density diagram, supporting the existence of a density gap among small exoplanets around M dwarfs. With an equilibrium temperature of only Teq = 368 K, TOI-406 b stands up as a particularly interesting target for atmospheric characterisation with JWST in the low-temperature regime.
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来源期刊
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
10.20
自引率
27.70%
发文量
2105
审稿时长
1-2 weeks
期刊介绍: Astronomy & Astrophysics is an international Journal that publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics (theoretical, observational, and instrumental) independently of the techniques used to obtain the results.
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