Successful treatment of low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome-related anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease with daprodustat: A report of two cases

Anemia is a major clinical manifestation seen in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Treatment options for anemia in low-risk MDS are limited. Especially, oral medication which is uniformly effective for anemia in low-risk MDS is required. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors, such as daprodustat, are oral tablets effective for renal anemia. Pharmacological restoration of HIF activity by HIF-PH inhibitors may be beneficial for MDS-related anemia as well. Yet, their efficacy and safety against low-risk MDS are unclear. Here, we report two cases of low-risk MDS complicated with chronic kidney disease whose anemia responded to daprodustat treatment.