Zhiyi Liu, Shuhong Zhou, Yubing Cai, Xuehai Zhang, Muhammad Shaaban, Qi-An Peng, Yajun Cai
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Mechanisms of Chromium Removal from Water and Soil Using Bioleached Nano Zero-Valent Iron-Mediated Biochar via Co-Pyrolysis.
Biological charcoal loaded with nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@BC) was synthesized using the bioleaching co-pyrolysis method. This study analyzed the formulation sequence of nZVI@BC and its influence on chromium elimination from water and soil, along with the involved mechanisms. The bioleaching method facilitated ionic iron incorporation onto biochar in the form of yellow potassium ferroalum compounds, which were reduced to Fe0 by H2, CO, and CH4 generated during biomass co-pyrolysis. In aqueous conditions, the removal capacity of Cr(VI) by nZVI@BC increased by 72.01% and 66.92% compared to biochar (BC) and biochar-bioleachate composite (BBC), respectively. Under optimal conditions, nZVI@BC eliminated 90.11% of 20 mg/L Cr(VI), with experimental data fitting the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The nZVI@BC also showed a passivation effect on chromium in soil; after 45 days, the exchangeable state of chromium was reduced by 12.89%, while the residual state increased by 10.45%. This enhancement in chromium elimination from soil was evident, as the residual state increased more for nZVI@BC (10.45%) than for BC alone (9.67% and 8.48%). Soil physicochemical properties and microbial community abundance improved as well. Cr(VI) removal mechanisms involved adsorption, reduction, and co-precipitation in water, while soil mechanisms included surface adsorption, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation. The synthesis of nZVI@BC offers a novel method for creating iron-modified materials to effectively remove Cr(VI).
期刊介绍：
Nanomaterials (ISSN 2076-4991) is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. Thus, theoretical and experimental articles will be accepted, along with articles that deal with the synthesis and use of nanomaterials. Articles that synthesize information from multiple fields, and which place discoveries within a broader context, will be preferred. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental or methodical details, or both, must be provided for research articles. Computed data or files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. Nanomaterials is dedicated to a high scientific standard. All manuscripts undergo a rigorous reviewing process and decisions are based on the recommendations of independent reviewers.
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