摘要
简介创伤后应激障碍患者利用知觉、情感和感觉细节来回忆创伤事件。对个人事件的记忆和回忆受个人社会功能的影响，即个人愿意并能够与他人和社会分享自己的情况。虽然创伤后应激障碍对叙事的影响已被研究过，但很少有研究测量社会功能对创伤后应激障碍和叙事之间联系的影响：目的：根据创伤后应激障碍的存在情况，并考虑到暴露时的社会功能（民事或职业），对 2015 年 11 月 13 日恐怖袭击的创伤叙事进行测量：37名平民（包括16名女性和21名男性）和22名急救人员（包括7名女性和15名男性）讲述了他们在2015年11月13日法国恐怖袭击事件中的经历。研究人员对这四组人（患有创伤后应激障碍的平民；未患有创伤后应激障碍的平民；患有创伤后应激障碍的急救人员；未患有创伤后应激障碍的急救人员）的叙事词库进行了文本计量分析：结果：无论是否患有创伤后应激障碍，平民的叙述都包含事件的情感细节。有创伤后应激障碍和无创伤后应激障碍的第一反应者的叙述包含干预和团队的细节。患有创伤后应激障碍的平民和急救人员的叙述包含社会和家庭接触的内容。有创伤后应激障碍的平民和无创伤后应激障碍的急救人员的叙述包含集体控制和援助的内容。患有创伤后应激障碍的平民在叙述中大多使用 "我"，而没有创伤后应激障碍的急救人员则大多使用 "我们 "和同事的概念：结论：遭受同一集体创伤事件并患上创伤后应激障碍的人的创伤叙事以社会和家庭背景信息为特征。没有创伤后应激障碍的人的创伤叙述则表现出控制感和集体支持。与创伤后应激障碍有关的是，事件发生时的社会功能会影响叙述，对于受到创伤的平民来说，叙述会以自我为中心（第一人称单数、个人反应），而对于受到创伤的专业人员来说，叙述会以他人为中心（同事、受害者）。本研究强调，在向他人证实创伤前经历时，必须考虑提及自己所属的社会群体。Introduction: Individuals suffering from PTSD recount the traumatic event using perceptual, emotional and sensory details. Memorization and recall of individual events are influenced by the individual's social function, i.e., what they are willing and able to share about themselves with others and the society. While the influence of PTSD on narratives has been studied, few studies have measured the effect of social function on the link between PTSD and narrative.
Objectives: The aim was to measure trauma narratives of the terrorist attacks of November 13, 2015, according to the presence of PTSD and considering the social function (civil or professional) at the time of exposure.
Methods: Thirty-seven civilians (including 16 women and 21 men) and 22 first responders (including 7 women and 15 men) exposed to the terrorist attacks of November 13, 2015, in France recounted their experiences. Textometric analyses were carried out to characterize the narrative lexicons of the 4 groups (civilians with PTSD; civilians without PTSD, first responders with PTSD; first responders without PTSD).
Results: The narratives of civilians with or without PTSD contain emotional details of the event. The narratives of first responders with and without PTSD contain details of intervention and team. The narratives of civilians and first responders with PTSD contain elements of social and family contacts. The narratives of civilians and first responders without PTSD contains elements of collective control and aid. Civilians with PTSD mostly use the "I" in narratives, while first responders without PTSD mostly use the "we" narrative and the notion of colleague.
Conclusion: Trauma narratives of individuals exposed to the same collective traumatic event who have developed PTSD are characterized by information about social and family contexts. Trauma narratives of individuals without PTSD show a sense of control and collective support. Associated with PTSD, the social function during the event influences the narrative, involving self-centered statements (first person singular, individual reactions) for exposed civilians, and allo-centered statements (colleagues, victims) for exposed professionals. This study underlines the importance of considering the inclusion of reference to the social group to which one belongs when testifying about peritraumatic experiences to others.
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