用 eROSITA 对光学选择的贫星系群中的热群内介质进行稳健探测

Dawei Li, Taotao Fang, Chong Ge, Teng Liu, Lin He, Zhiyuan Li, Fabrizio Nicastro, Xiaohu Yang, Xiaoxia Zhang and Yun-Liang Zheng
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摘要

在过去的几十年里,人们对宇宙结构内部的重子循环进行了广泛的研究,研究范围包括从矮星系到星系团的广泛质量范围。然而,在了解宇宙重子循环方面的一个明显空白是光环质量在1013 M⊙左右的贫星系群。像我们的本星系群这样的贫星系群在整个宇宙中都很普遍,但是对它们炙热的、发射X射线的星系群内部介质(IGrM)的有力探测却一直难以实现。这种热IGrM的存在对于解决长期存在的 "重子失踪 "问题至关重要。以往基于 ROSAT 的研究受限于少量的 X 射线亮样本,从而限制了研究结果的范围。在这里,我们根据 eROSITA 最终赤道深度巡天的叠加 X 射线图像,在一个经过光学选择的大型贫群样本中,展示了对这种热 IGrM 的有力探测。这些星团是在DESI遗产巡天中发现的,质量范围为log(Mhalo/h-1 M⊙) = 11.5-13.5,红移范围为z = 0.1-0.5。此外,我们的结果表明,尽管这种气体成分实际上存在于各种大小的星系群中,但它仍然不足以恢复普遍的重子分数,因此 "缺失重子 "问题在贫星系群中仍然存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Robust Detection of Hot Intragroup Medium in Optically Selected, Poor Galaxy Groups by eROSITA
Over the last several decades, extensive research has been conducted on the baryon cycles within cosmic structures, encompassing a broad mass range from dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters. However, a notable gap in understanding the cosmic baryon cycle is the poor galaxy groups with halo masses around 1013 M⊙. Poor galaxy groups, like our own Local Group, are prevalent throughout the Universe, yet robust detection of their hot, X-ray-emitting intragroup medium (IGrM) has remained elusive. The presence of this hot IGrM is crucial for addressing the long-standing “missing baryons” problem. Previous ROSAT-based studies were limited by a small number of X-ray bright samples, thus restricting the scope of their findings. Here, we show a robust detection of this hot IGrM in a large, optically selected poor groups sample, based on the stacked X-ray images from the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey. These groups are identified in DESI Legacy Survey with a mass range of log(Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 11.5–13.5 and a redshift range of z = 0.1–0.5. Additionally, our results indicate that despite its presence in virtually groups at all sizes, this gas component is still not sufficient to recover the universal baryon fraction, and hence the “missing baryons” problem still persists in poor galaxy groups.
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