A Review of Studies on the Breeding, Reproduction and Fry Rearing of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus nigricans) in China

Many countries and regions around the world have been adversely affected by the invasive spread of the largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans). The breeding practices developed in China can serve as a reference for these regions to manage this species scientifically while providing high-quality protein for human consumption. As its introduction from Taiwan in 1983, the largemouth bass has become one of the most significant high-quality freshwater farmed fish in mainland China. The country has developed new varieties that exhibit faster growth rates and enhanced adaptability to artificial compound feed, leading to widespread aquaculture across the nation. This article systematically reviews the technological advancements in the introduction, breeding, reproduction and rearing of fry and fingerlings of largemouth bass in China over the last 40 years. After summarizing the progress in general breeding as well as fry and fingerling rearing technologies, we analyse three successful early breeding and out-of-season breeding modes developed in China. The advancement of innovative and practical breeding and seedling technologies has addressed the challenges of natural breeding in regions with relatively low temperatures, where it is not feasible to raise local fry to a marketable size for consumption within the same year. This progress significantly enhances largemouth bass aquaculture in China.