Les lymphomes en pratique clinique : nouveaux enjeux cliniques et thérapeutiques

Lymphomas are cancers that affect the lymphatic system, where abnormal lymphocytes proliferate in tissues like lymph nodes and the spleen. The three main types are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), aggressive high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and slower-growing low-grade NHL. HL has a high survival rate, but the focus is now on reducing long-term side effects, especially in young adults who are at risk for secondary cancers and other complications. Modern imaging, like FDG-PET scans, helps to tailor treatments more precisely. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common and can often be treated successfully with R-CHOP, an immunochemotherapy regimen, though relapses remain a challenge. CAR-T cell therapy is becoming a game-changer for patients who relapse or are resistant to initial treatments. Follicular lymphoma, while slower to progress, poses ongoing challenges due to frequent relapses. Current strategies are shifting towards personalized medicine, using targeted therapies like immunotherapy and CAR-T cells to improve outcomes while minimizing harmful side effects. The focus is increasingly on refining treatment approaches to balance effectiveness and quality of life for patients.