Highly sensitive detection of vitamin P using a novel copper nanostructure-decorated polydopamine-modified carbon ceramic electrode

In the current study, a novel low-cost-modified carbon ceramic electrode was fabricated and applied for electrocatalytic oxidation of vitamin P (Rutin). At first, the prepared carbon ceramic electrode was modified by a thin layer of polydopamine through electropolymerization. After that, the polydopamine-modified electrode was decorated by copper nanostructures through electrodeposition. By applying a fixed potential of − 0.60 V in a solution containing CuSO₄ and K₂SO₄, copper nanostructures were formed on the surface of the polydopamine layer. The obtained sensor was characterized using X-ray diffraction energy-dispersive X-ray analysis scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical techniques and was applied for the detection of vitamin P with high sensitivity. Using the fabricated sensor, a substantial decrease in the overvoltage of anodic oxidation of vitamin P was observed. The calibration plot was found linear over the concentration range of 0.08–50 µM of vitamin P, and the limit of detection was estimated 9.0 nM. The diffusion coefficient of vitamin P was calculated 7.1 × 10⁻⁵ cm² s⁻¹ using chronoamperometry. Finally, the fabricated sensor was used successfully for the detection of vitamin P in herbal and biological samples.