{"title":"存在噪声时三维积分成像的纵向分辨率。","authors":"Kashif Usmani, Bahram Javidi","doi":"10.1364/OE.538568","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two-point source longitudinal resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging depends on several factors including the number of sensors, sensor pixel size, pitch between sensors, and the lens point spread function. We assume the two-point sources to be resolved if their point spread functions can be resolved in any one of the sensors. Previous studies of integral imaging longitudinal resolution either rely on geometrical optics formulation or assume the point spread function to be of sub-pixel size, thus neglecting the effect of the lens. These studies also assume both point sources to be in focus in captured elemental images. More importantly, the previous analysis does not consider the effect of noise. In this manuscript, we use the Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criterion to overcome these limitations. We compute the circle of confusion to model the out-of-focus blurring effect. The Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criterion allows us to study the effect of noise on the longitudinal resolution. In the absence of noise, we also present a simple analytical expression for longitudinal resolution which approximately matches the Gaussian process-based formulation. Also, we investigate the dependence of the longitudinal resolution on the parallax of the integral imaging system. We present optical experiments to validate our results. The experiments demonstrate agreement with our Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"40605-40619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Longitudinal resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging in the presence of noise.\",\"authors\":\"Kashif Usmani, Bahram Javidi\",\"doi\":\"10.1364/OE.538568\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The two-point source longitudinal resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging depends on several factors including the number of sensors, sensor pixel size, pitch between sensors, and the lens point spread function. We assume the two-point sources to be resolved if their point spread functions can be resolved in any one of the sensors. Previous studies of integral imaging longitudinal resolution either rely on geometrical optics formulation or assume the point spread function to be of sub-pixel size, thus neglecting the effect of the lens. These studies also assume both point sources to be in focus in captured elemental images. More importantly, the previous analysis does not consider the effect of noise. In this manuscript, we use the Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criterion to overcome these limitations. We compute the circle of confusion to model the out-of-focus blurring effect. The Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criterion allows us to study the effect of noise on the longitudinal resolution. In the absence of noise, we also present a simple analytical expression for longitudinal resolution which approximately matches the Gaussian process-based formulation. Also, we investigate the dependence of the longitudinal resolution on the parallax of the integral imaging system. We present optical experiments to validate our results. The experiments demonstrate agreement with our Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criteria.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19691,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optics express\",\"volume\":\"32 23\",\"pages\":\"40605-40619\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optics express\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.538568\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"OPTICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optics express","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.538568","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Longitudinal resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging in the presence of noise.
The two-point source longitudinal resolution of three-dimensional integral imaging depends on several factors including the number of sensors, sensor pixel size, pitch between sensors, and the lens point spread function. We assume the two-point sources to be resolved if their point spread functions can be resolved in any one of the sensors. Previous studies of integral imaging longitudinal resolution either rely on geometrical optics formulation or assume the point spread function to be of sub-pixel size, thus neglecting the effect of the lens. These studies also assume both point sources to be in focus in captured elemental images. More importantly, the previous analysis does not consider the effect of noise. In this manuscript, we use the Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criterion to overcome these limitations. We compute the circle of confusion to model the out-of-focus blurring effect. The Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criterion allows us to study the effect of noise on the longitudinal resolution. In the absence of noise, we also present a simple analytical expression for longitudinal resolution which approximately matches the Gaussian process-based formulation. Also, we investigate the dependence of the longitudinal resolution on the parallax of the integral imaging system. We present optical experiments to validate our results. The experiments demonstrate agreement with our Gaussian process-based two-point source resolution criteria.
期刊介绍:
Optics Express is the all-electronic, open access journal for optics providing rapid publication for peer-reviewed articles that emphasize scientific and technology innovations in all aspects of optics and photonics.