在有限灌溉期间增加氮素供应，改善干旱地区滴灌甜菜的生长、产量和净收益

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109646

Hongliang Zhou , Le Wang , Pengjie Xu , Dongfei Liu , Yuchen Hao , Kaiyong Wang , Hua Fan

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景有限灌溉是避免干旱地区甜菜减产和提高水分利用效率的一项措施。方法在中国西北干旱地区进行为期三年的田间试验，采用三种方法施用氮肥（150 kg ha-1（N1，推荐氮肥施用量）和 225 kg ha-1（N2，传统氮肥施用量）、在播种前和快速冠层生长阶段，分别以 20：80（T1）、30：70（T2）和 40：60（T3，传统施肥法）的比例施用氮肥。然后，探讨了上述氮肥管理方法对有限灌溉条件下滴灌甜菜的生长参数、冠层生产力、养分吸收、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明，在两种氮肥施用量下，与 T3 处理相比，T1 处理通过增加土壤中的可利用氮含量来促进植物对养分的吸收。这样，在出苗后 45-120 DAE（叶面积持续时间）期间，通过增加叶面积持续时间（LAD），嫩枝和直根的平均生长率分别提高了 18.8 %（p < 0.05）和 26.5 %（p < 0.05）。此外，与 T3 处理相比，T1 处理提高了甜菜在 120-150 DAE 期间的叶片衰老率（LSR），促进了产量的形成，并使直根产量（TY）增加了 17.3 %（p < 0.05）。虽然 N2T1 处理的净收益（NR）高于 N2T3（传统氮管理方法）和 N1T1 处理，但与 N1T1 处理相比，N2T1 处理并未提高边际效益（MB）和氮利用效率。结论在干旱地区甜菜种植中进行有限灌溉时，建议将传统的氮肥施用量减少到 150 kg ha-1，并增加有限灌溉期间的氮肥外施比例。

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Increasing nitrogen supply during limited irrigation improves drip-irrigated sugar beet growth, yield, and net return in arid areas

Context

Limited irrigation is a measure to avoid sugar beet yield reduction and improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However, it is unclear whether the optimization of traditional nitrogen fertilizer management under the limited irrigation conditions can further improve sugar beet yield and economic benefits.

Methods

In this three-year field experiment in the arid region of northwest China, N fertilizer (150 (N1, recommended N application rate) and 225 kg ha⁻¹ (N2, traditional N application rate) was applied in three methods, i.e., N fertilizer was applied at the ratios of 20: 80 (T1), 30: 70 (T2), and 40: 60 (T3, traditional N fertilization method) before sowing and at the rapid canopy growth stage. Then, the effects of the above N fertilizer managements on the growth parameters, canopy productivity, nutrient uptake, yield, and economic benefits of drip-irrigated sugar beets under limited irrigation was explored. To avoid the subjectivity of human evaluation, four comprehensive evaluation models were used for the evaluation of the N fertilization managements.

Results

The results showed that under the two N application rates, T1 treatment promoted plant nutrient uptake by increasing the available N content in the soil compared with the T3 treatment. This then increased the shoot and taproot growth rates by an average of 18.8 % (p < 0.05) and 26.5 % (p < 0.05), respectively by increasing the leaf area duration (LAD) during 45–120 DAE (days after emergence). In addition, T1 treatment increased the leaf senescence rate (LSR) of sugar beet during 120–150 DAE, which promoted yield formation and increased the taproot yield (TY) by 17.3 % (p < 0.05) compared with T3 treatment. Although N2T1 treatment resulted in higher net return (NR) than N2T3 (traditional N management method) and N1T1 treatment, N2T1 treatment did not increase marginal benefit (MB) and N use efficiency compared with N1T1 treatment. The results of the four comprehensive evaluation models showed that the N1T1 treatment had the highest evaluation value and the highest ranking compared with the other treatments.

Conclusions

When limited irrigation is carried out in sugar beet cropping in arid areas, it is suggested that the traditional N fertilizer application rate can be reduced to 150 kg ha⁻¹, and the proportion of topdressed N during limited irrigation can be increased.

Significance

This study is of great significance for the sustainable development of local sugar beet production and the increase of farmers' income.

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.