一所大学 NCAA 一级越野赛男女选手的饮食摄入量和饮食质量

IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104475

David E Barney Jr. , Susan N Cheung , Aaron R Harris , Claire E Berryman , Stephen R Hennigar

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景大学生运动员有独特的营养需求，以支持他们的运动表现和健康。目标描述一所大学的 NCAA I 级越野赛男女学生运动员在竞技赛季中的膳食摄入量和膳食质量。方法佛罗里达州立大学越野赛队的男女运动员（n = 14/性别）在整个竞技赛季中完成 9 天的食物记录。将营养素摄入量与美国人口膳食营养素参考摄入量（如每日推荐摄入量）和运动员特定指南进行比较。饮食质量根据《美国人膳食指南》（DGAs），采用2020年健康饮食指数（HEI-2020）进行评估。结果43%的女性（平均±标准差，5.67±1.16 g-kg-1-d-1）和29%的男性（4.95±1.05，P 性 = 0.096）的碳水化合物摄入量低于运动员指南。所有参与者的蛋白质（2.09±0.425 g-kg-1-d-1，1.92±0.519，P 性别 = 0.36）和脂肪（32.8±5.1% kcal，34.4±3.4%，P 性别 = 0.36）含量均达到或超过运动员建议值。没有人达到维生素 D 的 RDA 标准（5.14 ± 1.78 μg/d，4.91 ± 3.24，P 性别 = 0.83）。只有 79% 的女性和 36% 的男性达到了钙的 RDA 标准（1220 ± 307 毫克/天，1010 ± 296 毫克/天，P 性别 = 0.83）。大多数女性（n = 13）和男性（n = 11）服用铁补充剂，总摄入量超过了可耐受摄入上限水平（110 ± 60.1 mg/d，66.8 ± 36.3，P 性别 = 0.029）。HEI-2020 表明 DGAs 的依从性较差，女性的饮食质量（65.3 ± 13.7）优于男性（50.6 ± 10.1，P 性别 = 0.0034）。除总蛋白质食物外，参与者的所有 HEI-2020 食物组成分均未达到指南要求。结论NCAA一级越野赛的学生运动员摄入的碳水化合物、钙和维生素D不足，但蛋白质、脂肪和铁的摄入量达到或超过了指南要求。膳食质量较差；HEI-2020 的成分得分可能表明应针对哪些食物组来改善膳食质量和摄入对跑步者很重要的营养素。这项试验已在 clinicaltrials.gov 登记为 NCT04079322。

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Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University

Background

Collegiate student-athletes have unique nutritional requirements to support their athletic performance and health. Few studies have comprehensively characterized the diets of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes.

Objectives

To characterize dietary intake and diet quality during a competitive season in female and male NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes from a single university.

Methods

Females and males (n = 14/sex) from the Florida State University cross country teams completed 9-d of food records across their competitive season. Nutrient intakes were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States population [e.g., Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)] and athlete-specific guidelines. Diet quality was assessed according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) using the 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). Total daily energy expenditure was estimated from training records.

Results

Carbohydrate intakes were below athlete guidelines in 43% of females (mean ± SD, 5.67 ± 1.16 g·kg^–1·d^–1) and 29% of males (4.95 ± 1.05, P sex = 0.096). All participants met or exceeded athlete recommendations for protein (2.09 ± 0.425 g·kg^–1·d^–1, 1.92 ± 0.519, P sex = 0.36) and fat (32.8 ± 5.1% kcal, 34.4 ± 3.4%, P sex = 0.36). No participants met the RDA for vitamin D (5.14 ± 1.78 μg/d, 4.91 ± 3.24, P sex = 0.83). Only 79% of females and 36% of males met the RDA for calcium (1220 ± 307 mg/d, 1010 ± 296, P sex = 0.83). Most females (n = 13) and males (n = 11) consumed iron supplements where total intakes exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (110 ± 60.1 mg/d, 66.8 ± 36.3, P sex = 0.029). HEI-2020 indicated poor adherence to the DGAs, with better diet quality in females (65.3 ± 13.7) than males (50.6 ± 10.1, P sex = 0.0034). Participants failed to meet guidelines for all HEI-2020 food group components except total protein foods. Total daily energy expenditure was greater in males and declined across the competitive season (P sex < 0.0001, P time < 0.0001, P sex∗time = 0.25).

Conclusions

NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes consumed inadequate carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin D but met or exceeded intake guidelines for protein, fat, and iron. Diet quality was poor; HEI-2020 component scores may indicate food groups to target to improve diet quality and intake of nutrients important to runners.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079322.

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