Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: predictors of recurrence 5 years after surgery.

Backgrounds: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a medical condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses, accompanied by the presence of nasal polyps. When medical treatments prove ineffective, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is recommended, yielding variable outcomes and recurrence rates ranging from 5% to 60%.

Aims/objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the outcomes of ESS and to identify independent predictors of recurrence and revision surgery.

Material and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study, focusing on patients diagnosed with CRSwNP who underwent ESS with a minimum follow-up period of 60 months. Various variables were collected. Multivariate and regression analyses were employed to assess the predictors associated with both recurrence and revision surgery.

Results: The study analyzed 130 patients. The 5-year recurrence rate was 35.4%, and 17.7% of patients required revision surgery. These variables included asthma (p < 0.001), frontal sinus involvement (p < 0.001), Lund-Mackay score (p < 0.001), Endoscopic Nasal Polyps Score (p < 0.001), and eosinophilia in peripheral blood (p < 0.001). All the variables mentioned above were identified as predictors of recurrence and revision surgery.

Conclusions and significance: Asthma, frontal sinus involvement, increased eosinophilia in peripheral blood, and a higher score on the LM system and NPS are poor prognostic factors in CRSwNP.