Katherine S Hopstock, Qiaorong Xie, Michael A Alvarado, Vaios Moschos, Solomon Bililign, Jason D Surratt, Alexander Laskin, Sergey A Nizkorodov
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引用次数: 0
摘要
野地-城市交界处(WUI)的火灾规模越来越大,频率越来越高,释放出的有机气溶胶(OA)成分不明,对大气的影响也不清楚。在这项研究中,我们调查了十种城市材料在氮气中经 600 °C 高温分解后产生的 OA 的化学成分,这些材料随后在紫外光下老化 2 小时。分析采用了超高效液相色谱法 (UHPLC) 分离,并结合光电二极管阵列 (PDA) 检测器和高分辨率质谱仪 (HRMS) 进行分子表征。层次聚类分析表明,木材衍生的 OA 在成分上最为多样和独特。未老化和老化的 OA(针对每种城市材料)在化学特性上没有明显差异。潜在的芳香棕碳(BrC)发色团(基于其不饱和程度)占所有分配化合物的 13-42%。PDA 色谱图揭示了多种 BrC 发色团,这些发色团在紫外老化过程中要么增强,要么降解,从而使人们深入了解了造成光漂白和整体吸收系数光增强的特定 BrC 发色团。在十种 OA 中鉴定出了 36 种 BrC 发色团,并使用参考标准确认了它们的结构。样品中的增塑剂和树脂成分,如邻苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸,也得到了结构上的确认。我们提出了城市材料制造中常用的树脂、环氧树脂、染料和粘合剂成分中可能存在的可引起 WUI 火灾的物质。光解作用对特定 WUI 材料燃烧所排放的 OA 的化学成分没有明显影响。
Molecular Characterization and Photoreactivity of Organic Aerosols Formed from Pyrolysis of Urban Materials during Fires at the Wildland-Urban Interface.
Fires at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are increasing in magnitude and frequency, emitting organic aerosol (OA) with unknown composition and atmospheric impacts. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of OA produced through the 600 °C pyrolysis of ten urban materials in nitrogen, which were subsequently aged under UV light for 2 h. The analysis utilized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation, coupled with a photodiode array (PDA) detector and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) for molecular characterization. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that lumber-derived OA was the most diverse and distinct in composition. Unaged and aged OA (for each urban material) did not significantly differ in chemical identities. Potential aromatic brown carbon (BrC) chromophores (based on their degree of unsaturation) constituted 13-42% of all assigned compounds. PDA chromatograms revealed multiple BrC chromophoric species that were either enhanced or degraded as a result of UV aging, providing insights into specific BrC chromophores responsible for photobleaching and photoenhancement of the overall absorption coefficient. Thirty-six BrC chromophores were identified across the ten OA types, and their structures were confirmed using reference standards. Components of plasticizers and resins, such as phthalic and terephthalic acids, were structurally confirmed in the samples. We present potential species for WUI fires as components of resins, epoxies, dyes, and adhesives commonly used in manufacturing urban materials. Photolysis did not significantly impact the chemical composition of OA emitted from the burning of specific WUI materials.