IoT real-time monitoring system implemented to observe sunlight-influenced methylene blue degradation by AC/HAp

Activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite were successfully prepared via mechanical mixing and exhibited a crushed snack-like morphology compared to the well-defined pore structure of pure AC. The purpose of this research was to explore the potential of AC/HAp for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and hydrogen production. Despite the morphological changes, AC and AC/HAp achieved a high MB degradation rate (92.75 and 82.05) % under sunlight, at a temperature of 26.24 °C and pH of 4.18, and showed optimum hydrogen production (3579 mol/g.h). These performances are suspected from the decrease in crystallite size and narrowed \(\Delta (LO-TO)\) and confirmed by image processing results with RBG enhancement showing more light transmitted by the solution. Increasing in \({\epsilon }_{2}\) indicates the potential for improved light interaction. IoT-enabled real-time monitoring system demonstrates its efficacy in facilitating wastewater treatment and hydrogen production, offering a promising solution for aquatic ecosystem restoration.