利用磁放大对轴心介导的自旋相互作用的新约束

IF 8.1 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Haowen Su, Min Jiang, Yuanhong Wang, Ying Huang, Xiang Kang, Wei Ji, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker
{"title":"利用磁放大对轴心介导的自旋相互作用的新约束","authors":"Haowen Su, Min Jiang, Yuanhong Wang, Ying Huang, Xiang Kang, Wei Ji, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.191801","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Axions are highly motivated hypothetical particles beyond the standard model that can be dark matter candidates and address the strong <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"22\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper C upper P\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝐶</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> problem. Here we search for axion-mediated interactions generated between two separated <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"23\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2,3,4\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\" data-semantic-type=\"tensor\"><mjx-prescripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\"s\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.622em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.631em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> gas ensembles, monitoring and polarizing the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"24\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2,3,4\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\" data-semantic-type=\"tensor\"><mjx-prescripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\"s\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.622em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.631em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> nuclear spins through spin-exchange interactions with Rb vapor. Our method exploits the magnetic amplification through effective fields from Rb-Xe collisions, increasing the sensitivity for axion-mediated interactions by up to 145-fold relative to conventional methods. Moreover, we employ template filtering to extract exotic interactions with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By combining two techniques, axion-mediated interactions are constrained to be less than <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"25\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(4 0 (3 1 2))\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"0,3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-speech=\"10 Superscript negative 5\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.369em;\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"2\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"1 2\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>−</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>5</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> of normal magnetic interactions on a length scale of 60 mm. We establish new constraints on the neutron-neutron pseudoscalar couplings for a mass range that expands into the well-motivated “axion window” (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"26\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(17 0 1 2 (11 (10 3 9 4) 5 6) 7 8)\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2,11,7,8\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(17 (c 12 13 14 15 16) 0 1 2 11 7 8)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 2 11 7 8\" data-semantic-role=\"text\" data-semantic-speech=\"10 normal mu e upper V en dash 1 m e upper V\" data-semantic-type=\"punctuated\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"text\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 3px;\" variant=\"-explicitFont\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"text\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 3px;\" variant=\"-explicitFont\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"10,6\" data-semantic-content=\"5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"10 5 6\" data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"dash\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"3,4\" data-semantic-content=\"9\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"3 9 4\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>μ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" space=\"2\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">V</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,–\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"dash\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" space=\"2\"><mjx-c>–</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"text\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 5px;\" variant=\"-explicitFont\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" space=\"2\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">m</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">V</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container>), improving previous constraints by up to 50-fold within it and 118-fold outside it. We further discuss promising applications in searches for other axion-nucleon interactions, including axion dark matter and black hole axion bursts with sensitivity well beyond astrophysical limits by several orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"New Constraints on Axion-Mediated Spin Interactions Using Magnetic Amplification\",\"authors\":\"Haowen Su, Min Jiang, Yuanhong Wang, Ying Huang, Xiang Kang, Wei Ji, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker\",\"doi\":\"10.1103/physrevlett.133.191801\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Axions are highly motivated hypothetical particles beyond the standard model that can be dark matter candidates and address the strong <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"22\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper C upper P\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝐶</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,⁢\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> problem. Here we search for axion-mediated interactions generated between two separated <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"23\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1,2,3,4\\\" data-semantic-collapsed=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1 2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"tensor\\\"><mjx-prescripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.622em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.631em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> gas ensembles, monitoring and polarizing the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"24\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1,2,3,4\\\" data-semantic-collapsed=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1 2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"tensor\\\"><mjx-prescripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.622em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.631em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> nuclear spins through spin-exchange interactions with Rb vapor. Our method exploits the magnetic amplification through effective fields from Rb-Xe collisions, increasing the sensitivity for axion-mediated interactions by up to 145-fold relative to conventional methods. Moreover, we employ template filtering to extract exotic interactions with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By combining two techniques, axion-mediated interactions are constrained to be less than <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"25\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(4 0 (3 1 2))\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\\\"0,3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"10 Superscript negative 5\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"superscript\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.642em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.642em;\\\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.369em;\\\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"1 2\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"negative\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"prefixop\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"prefixop,−\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"subtraction\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>−</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>5</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> of normal magnetic interactions on a length scale of 60 mm. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

轴子是超越标准模型的高动机假想粒子,可以成为暗物质候选者,并解决强𝐶𝑃问题。在这里,我们通过与 Rb 蒸汽的自旋交换相互作用来监测和极化 129Xe 核自旋,从而寻找两个分离的 129Xe 气体集合之间产生的轴子介导的相互作用。我们的方法利用了掺镱氙对撞产生的有效磁场的磁放大作用,与传统方法相比,轴子介导相互作用的灵敏度提高了 145 倍。此外,我们还采用了模板过滤技术,以最大信噪比提取奇异的相互作用。通过两种技术的结合,轴子介导的相互作用在 60 毫米的长度尺度上被约束为小于正常磁相互作用的 10-5。我们为中子-中子伪谱耦合的质量范围建立了新的约束,该范围扩展到了动机良好的 "轴子窗口"(10 μeV-1 meV),在该范围内将以前的约束提高了 50 倍,在该范围外提高了 118 倍。我们进一步讨论了在搜索其他轴子-核子相互作用方面的应用前景,包括轴子暗物质和黑洞轴子爆发,其灵敏度远远超出天体物理极限几个数量级。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

New Constraints on Axion-Mediated Spin Interactions Using Magnetic Amplification

New Constraints on Axion-Mediated Spin Interactions Using Magnetic Amplification
Axions are highly motivated hypothetical particles beyond the standard model that can be dark matter candidates and address the strong 𝐶𝑃 problem. Here we search for axion-mediated interactions generated between two separated 129Xe gas ensembles, monitoring and polarizing the 129Xe nuclear spins through spin-exchange interactions with Rb vapor. Our method exploits the magnetic amplification through effective fields from Rb-Xe collisions, increasing the sensitivity for axion-mediated interactions by up to 145-fold relative to conventional methods. Moreover, we employ template filtering to extract exotic interactions with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By combining two techniques, axion-mediated interactions are constrained to be less than 105 of normal magnetic interactions on a length scale of 60 mm. We establish new constraints on the neutron-neutron pseudoscalar couplings for a mass range that expands into the well-motivated “axion window” (10μeV1 meV), improving previous constraints by up to 50-fold within it and 118-fold outside it. We further discuss promising applications in searches for other axion-nucleon interactions, including axion dark matter and black hole axion bursts with sensitivity well beyond astrophysical limits by several orders of magnitude.
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来源期刊
Physical review letters
Physical review letters 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
16.50
自引率
7.00%
发文量
2673
审稿时长
2.2 months
期刊介绍: Physical review letters(PRL)covers the full range of applied, fundamental, and interdisciplinary physics research topics: General physics, including statistical and quantum mechanics and quantum information Gravitation, astrophysics, and cosmology Elementary particles and fields Nuclear physics Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Nonlinear dynamics, fluid dynamics, and classical optics Plasma and beam physics Condensed matter and materials physics Polymers, soft matter, biological, climate and interdisciplinary physics, including networks
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