Haowen Su, Min Jiang, Yuanhong Wang, Ying Huang, Xiang Kang, Wei Ji, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker
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{"title":"利用磁放大对轴心介导的自旋相互作用的新约束","authors":"Haowen Su, Min Jiang, Yuanhong Wang, Ying Huang, Xiang Kang, Wei Ji, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.191801","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Axions are highly motivated hypothetical particles beyond the standard model that can be dark matter candidates and address the strong <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"22\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper C upper P\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝐶</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> problem. Here we search for axion-mediated interactions generated between two separated <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"23\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2,3,4\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\" data-semantic-type=\"tensor\"><mjx-prescripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\"s\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.622em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.631em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> gas ensembles, monitoring and polarizing the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"24\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2,3,4\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\" data-semantic-type=\"tensor\"><mjx-prescripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\"s\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.646em;\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.622em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsuper\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\"height: 0.631em;\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"rightsub\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\" size=\"s\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> nuclear spins through spin-exchange interactions with Rb vapor. Our method exploits the magnetic amplification through effective fields from Rb-Xe collisions, increasing the sensitivity for axion-mediated interactions by up to 145-fold relative to conventional methods. Moreover, we employ template filtering to extract exotic interactions with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By combining two techniques, axion-mediated interactions are constrained to be less than <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"25\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(4 0 (3 1 2))\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"0,3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-speech=\"10 Superscript negative 5\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.369em;\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"2\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"1 2\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>−</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>5</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> of normal magnetic interactions on a length scale of 60 mm. We establish new constraints on the neutron-neutron pseudoscalar couplings for a mass range that expands into the well-motivated “axion window” (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"26\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(17 0 1 2 (11 (10 3 9 4) 5 6) 7 8)\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"0,1,2,11,7,8\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(17 (c 12 13 14 15 16) 0 1 2 11 7 8)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1 2 11 7 8\" data-semantic-role=\"text\" data-semantic-speech=\"10 normal mu e upper V en dash 1 m e upper V\" data-semantic-type=\"punctuated\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.642em;\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"text\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 3px;\" variant=\"-explicitFont\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"text\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 3px;\" variant=\"-explicitFont\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"10,6\" data-semantic-content=\"5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"10 5 6\" data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"dash\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"3,4\" data-semantic-content=\"9\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"3 9 4\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>μ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" space=\"2\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">V</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,–\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"dash\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" space=\"2\"><mjx-c>–</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"space\" data-semantic-type=\"text\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 5px;\" variant=\"-explicitFont\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"17\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" space=\"2\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">m</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">e</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.657em;\">V</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container>), improving previous constraints by up to 50-fold within it and 118-fold outside it. We further discuss promising applications in searches for other axion-nucleon interactions, including axion dark matter and black hole axion bursts with sensitivity well beyond astrophysical limits by several orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"New Constraints on Axion-Mediated Spin Interactions Using Magnetic Amplification\",\"authors\":\"Haowen Su, Min Jiang, Yuanhong Wang, Ying Huang, Xiang Kang, Wei Ji, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker\",\"doi\":\"10.1103/physrevlett.133.191801\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Axions are highly motivated hypothetical particles beyond the standard model that can be dark matter candidates and address the strong <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"22\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper C upper P\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝐶</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> problem. Here we search for axion-mediated interactions generated between two separated <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"23\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1,2,3,4\\\" data-semantic-collapsed=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1 2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"tensor\\\"><mjx-prescripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.622em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.631em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> gas ensembles, monitoring and polarizing the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"24\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mmultiscripts data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1,2,3,4\\\" data-semantic-collapsed=\\\"(5 0 1 2 3 4)\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1 2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"Superscript 129 Baseline upper X e\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"tensor\\\"><mjx-prescripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-mrow size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">2</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.646em;\\\">9</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.622em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-prescripts><mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">X</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">e</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-scripts style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.384em;\\\"><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsuper\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row><mjx-row style=\\\"height: 0.631em;\\\"></mjx-row><mjx-row><mjx-cell><mjx-none data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"rightsub\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"empty\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"></mjx-none></mjx-cell></mjx-row></mjx-scripts></mjx-mmultiscripts></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> nuclear spins through spin-exchange interactions with Rb vapor. Our method exploits the magnetic amplification through effective fields from Rb-Xe collisions, increasing the sensitivity for axion-mediated interactions by up to 145-fold relative to conventional methods. Moreover, we employ template filtering to extract exotic interactions with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. By combining two techniques, axion-mediated interactions are constrained to be less than <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"25\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(4 0 (3 1 2))\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\\\"0,3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"10 Superscript negative 5\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"superscript\\\"><mjx-mrow><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.642em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.642em;\\\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: 0.369em;\\\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"1 2\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"negative\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"prefixop\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"prefixop,−\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"subtraction\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>−</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>5</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> of normal magnetic interactions on a length scale of 60 mm. We establish new constraints on the neutron-neutron pseudoscalar couplings for a mass range that expands into the well-motivated “axion window” (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"26\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(17 0 1 2 (11 (10 3 9 4) 5 6) 7 8)\\\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1,2,11,7,8\\\" data-semantic-collapsed=\\\"(17 (c 12 13 14 15 16) 0 1 2 11 7 8)\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1 2 11 7 8\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"text\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"10 normal mu e upper V en dash 1 m e upper V\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"punctuated\\\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"17\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.642em;\\\">1</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.642em;\\\">0</mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"17\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"space\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"text\\\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \\\"Helvetica Neue\\\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\\\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 3px;\\\" variant=\\\"-explicitFont\\\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"17\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"space\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"text\\\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \\\"Helvetica Neue\\\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\\\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 3px;\\\" variant=\\\"-explicitFont\\\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"10,6\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"10 5 6\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"17\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"dash\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"3,4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"3 9 4\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"10\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>μ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"10\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"10\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" space=\\\"2\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">e</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">V</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mi data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,–\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"dash\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" space=\\\"2\\\"><mjx-c>–</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"17\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"space\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"text\\\" style='font-family: MJX-STX-ZERO, \\\"Helvetica Neue\\\", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;'><mjx-utext style=\\\"font-size: 90.6%; padding: 0.828em 0px 0.221em; width: 5px;\\\" variant=\\\"-explicitFont\\\"> </mjx-utext></mjx-mtext><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"17\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" space=\\\"2\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">m</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">e</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.657em;\\\">V</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container>), improving previous constraints by up to 50-fold within it and 118-fold outside it. We further discuss promising applications in searches for other axion-nucleon interactions, including axion dark matter and black hole axion bursts with sensitivity well beyond astrophysical limits by several orders of magnitude.\",\"PeriodicalId\":20069,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physical review letters\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physical review letters\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.191801\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical review letters","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.191801","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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