在模拟雪橇避让过程中，年龄和支撑对车内乘员反应的影响。

IF 1.6 3区工程技术 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Traffic Injury Prevention Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2370880

Kenneth Berkery , Thomas Seacrist , Sriram Balasubramanian , Kristy B. Arbogast , Valentina Graci

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：支撑可以减少成人乘员的失调姿势，但这一发现是否可以推广到儿童乘员身上尚不清楚。我们研究了在雪橇模拟碰撞前机动过程中，支撑和年龄对不同年龄乘员运动的影响：方法：40 名系安全带的受试者（9-40 岁）在支撑条件（受试者在机动开始前主动支撑）和未支撑条件下体验了雪橇模拟躲避转向机动。三维运动捕捉系统、肌电图（EMG）和安全带负荷传感器分别捕捉头部和躯干运动学、肌肉激活和安全带反作用力。采用混合效应模型检验了年龄和支撑对头部和躯干横向位移峰值的影响（p ≤ 0.05）：结果：与无支撑条件相比，在有支撑条件下，所有受试者的头部（0.09 ± 0.05）和躯干（0.11 ± 0.05）峰值位移均有所减少（头部：0.14 ± 0.06，躯干：0.17 ± 0.07）（p p p p 结论：在有支撑条件下，所有受试者的头部（0.09 ± 0.05）和躯干（0.11 ± 0.05）峰值位移均有所减少：所有年龄段的儿童都能通过支撑减少失调姿势。在无支撑条件下，由于颈部肌肉的活化程度更高，儿童的移动幅度小于青少年和成人。在无支撑条件下，青少年的移动幅度最大，这可能是由于他们的神经运动控制能力正在向更成熟的阶段过渡。在无支撑条件下，所有年龄组的乘员都更多地依靠安全带来保持位置，而不是肌肉支撑，这表明安全带与躯干的良好互动对无支撑的乘员非常重要。

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The effect of age and bracing on vehicle occupant responses during sled-simulated evasive swerving

Objective

Bracing can reduce adult occupants’ out-of-position postures, but it is unclear if this finding can be extended to child occupants. We investigated the effect of bracing, and age on the motion of vehicle occupants of different ages during sled-simulated pre-crash maneuvers.

Methods

Forty seatbelt restrained subjects (9–40 y.o.) experienced sled simulated evasive swerving maneuvers during a brace condition, where subjects actively brace before the maneuver onset, and an unbraced condition. A 3D motion capture system, electromyography (EMG), and seatbelt load cells captured head and trunk kinematics, muscle activation, and seat belt reaction forces, respectively. The effects of age and bracing on peak lateral head and trunk displacement were examined with Mixed Effects Model (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

In the braced condition, all subjects had reduced normalized peak head (0.09 ± 0.05) and trunk (0.11 ± 0.05) displacements compared to the unbraced condition (Head: 0.14 ± 0.06, Trunk: 0.17 ± 0.07) (p < 0.05). For the into-the-belt direction in the unbraced condition, children showed the smallest peak head and trunk displacement of all age groups (p < 0.01) while teens had the greatest peak head and trunk displacement compared to all other age groups (p < 0.02). Similar trends were found in the out-of-the-belt direction in the unbraced condition (p < 0.01). In the unbraced condition, all occupants showed greater shoulder seat belt reaction loads than the braced condition (unbraced 1.6–2.7 N/kg, braced 1.0–1.4 N/kg). Children also showed greater neck muscle activation (50–64% MVIC) compared to other muscles and older occupants regardless of the bracing condition or direction of motion.

Conclusion

Bracing reduced out-of-position postures across all ages. In the unbraced condition, children move less than teens and adults due to greater activation in the neck muscles. In the unbraced condition, teens showed the greatest motion, potentially due to their developing neuromotor control transitioning to a more mature stage. Across all age groups in the unbraced condition, occupants relied more heavily on the seat belt to maintain their position rather than their muscles to brace, suggesting the importance of good seatbelt-torso interaction in unbraced occupants.

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来源期刊

Traffic Injury Prevention PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

10.00%

发文量

137

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of Traffic Injury Prevention is to bridge the disciplines of medicine, engineering, public health and traffic safety in order to foster the science of traffic injury prevention. The archival journal focuses on research, interventions and evaluations within the areas of traffic safety, crash causation, injury prevention and treatment. General topics within the journal''s scope are driver behavior, road infrastructure, emerging crash avoidance technologies, crash and injury epidemiology, alcohol and drugs, impact injury biomechanics, vehicle crashworthiness, occupant restraints, pedestrian safety, evaluation of interventions, economic consequences and emergency and clinical care with specific application to traffic injury prevention. The journal includes full length papers, review articles, case studies, brief technical notes and commentaries.