Civil society alliance building in Hong Kong: The case of preservation movements

Very little research has focused on types of cooperation between different civil society organizations at the domestic level. This article fills this gap by developing the distinction between organization-based and society-based cooperation. Examining Hong Kong's unique political system, the paper highlights both types. The Save Our Country Park Alliance (SOCP) exemplifies organization-centric collaboration, requiring consensus among diverse NGOs, which can hinder decision-making. Conversely, the Save Lantau Alliance (SLA) demonstrates society-centric cooperation with flexible, quick mobilization through core active member organizations and collaboration with pro-democratic groups. Despite the 2020 National Security Law forcing many liberal organizations to disband, the SLA persists in its efforts to preserve Lantau, though it faces increased challenges in an environment hostile to society-based activism. This distinction enhances our understanding of civil society alliances in varying political contexts.