Adhesion mechanisms and design strategies for bioadhesives

Bioadhesives are widely used in medical fields due to their compatibility with biological soft tissues and their ability to facilitate non-invasive wound closure. Despite their widespread clinical applications, the inadequate adhesion performance highlights the need for further refinement and innovation of these materials. A profound comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of tissue adhesion is essential for the successful development of bioadhesives. This review elucidates adhesion mechanisms and design principles for bioadhesives, emphasizing strategies to enhance interfacial adhesion and cohesion performance. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on the challenges and emerging trends for the development of next-generation bioadhesives. The progress of bioadhesives has significant potential to revolutionize wound management.