Unveiling the dynamics of stunting: a qualitative exploration of parenting patterns and toddlers aged 6-59 months in Bejiharjo, Indonesia.

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the experience of mothers in raising stunted toddlers aged between 6-59 months. It also examined the perceptions of parenting styles shaped by socio-cultural contexts and time constraints affecting the nutritional status as well as growth in Bejiharjo Village, Java, Indonesia.

Methods: A qualitative method was used and data were collected through in-depth interviews, diary recording, and focus group discussions with mothers of toddlers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals. Transcript data from recorded interviews were processed using qualitative content analysis.

Results: The results showed that there were four emergent themes, namely "Toddler parenting patterns," "Family and environmental health," "Eating patterns and consumption habits of toddlers," as well as "Literacy and understanding of parenting and child health." Furthermore, eight related theme clusters were yielded from the analysis of parenting experiences. Differences between stunted and non-stunted toddlers in parenting patterns and daily activities were recorded. Interactions between toddlers and mothers as well as productive activities had a shorter average duration.

Conclusion: Mothers experience various challenges and limitations in raising toddlers with the risk of stunting. Therefore, increasing understanding and knowledge about the importance of healthy parenting and good nutrition are necessary to prevent stunting.