{"title":"纳米二氧化钛颗粒对雏鸡胚胎的影响：免疫调节、肝脏和生化变化","authors":"Md Sadequl Islam, Md Nurul Amin, Mst Deloara Begum","doi":"10.1002/vms3.70105","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study rigorously explored the impact of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO<sub>2</sub> NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO<sub>2</sub> NP-treated groups compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23543,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"e70105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522848/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Chick Embryo: Immunomodulatory, Hepatic and Biochemical Alterations.\",\"authors\":\"Md Sadequl Islam, Md Nurul Amin, Mst Deloara Begum\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/vms3.70105\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study rigorously explored the impact of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO<sub>2</sub> NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO<sub>2</sub> NP-treated groups compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23543,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary Medicine and Science\",\"volume\":\"10 6\",\"pages\":\"e70105\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522848/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary Medicine and Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70105\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Medicine and Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70105","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Chick Embryo: Immunomodulatory, Hepatic and Biochemical Alterations.
Background: The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.
Objectives: This study rigorously explored the impact of TiO2 NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.
Methods: The study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO2 NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO2 NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.
Results: The results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO2 NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO2 NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO2 NP-treated groups compared to the control.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO2 NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Medicine and Science is the peer-reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of veterinary medicine and science. The journal aims to serve the research community by providing a vehicle for authors wishing to publish interesting and high quality work in both fundamental and clinical veterinary medicine and science.
Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper.
We aim to be a truly global forum for high-quality research in veterinary medicine and science, and believe that the best research should be published and made widely accessible as quickly as possible. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes papers submitted directly to the journal and those referred from a select group of prestigious journals published by Wiley-Blackwell.
Veterinary Medicine and Science is a Wiley Open Access journal, one of a new series of peer-reviewed titles publishing quality research with speed and efficiency. For further information visit the Wiley Open Access website.
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