Status of Health-care Systems for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy in Jordan: Stakeholders and Health-care Providers Survey.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the status of health services for diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Jordan in terms of availability and accessibility by interviewing people engaged with health-care process including decision makers, professional providers, and community representatives.

Methods: This is a qualitative study where participants were invited to respond by direct interview to a standard questionnaire that is validated by the World Health Organization (WHO), "Tool for Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy and DM Management Systems". The questionnaire casts out of the WHO Health Systems Framework concept, assessing the presence of programs, guidelines, health technology and workforce, health promotion, and financing of DM and DR care in Jordan.

Results: Forty-two participants were included. DM is considered as priority in Jordan, but no programs are implemented. National guidelines are present for DM but not for DR. Networking should be improved between different disciplines caring for DM and DR. Human resources for DM and DR care were found insufficient and inadequately distributed. Health technology is only present in major cities and central hospitals. There is no nationwide data on disease burden nor a screening program for DR. More collaborated efforts should be spent on health education and raising awareness among people living with diabetes about the risk of DR.

Conclusion: Advanced DM and DR care is not accessible to most people. Programmatic efforts from the government and NGOs must formulate a national action plan to reduce the human and financial impact of the disease in Jordan.