使用水凝胶作为牵引剂的正渗透脱盐工艺面临的挑战

IF 8.4 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Seyed Abdollatif Hashemifard , Mohammad Ali Ghanavatyan , Amir Jangizehi , Hasan Salehi , Alireza Shakeri , Qusay F. Alsalhy , Dhiyaa Al-Timimi , Christoph Bantz , Michael Maskos , Sebastian Seiffert
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在调查使用水凝胶拉伸剂(FO-HG)时,正向渗透过程中遇到的障碍的特性、识别和理解。此外,还对 FO-HG 系统和使用盐溶液拉伸剂的传统正向渗透系统进行了比较。在无约束和有约束状态下,对水凝胶的溶胀过程和水渗透动力学进行了比较和评估。此外,还进行了调查和分析,以确定是否存在内部浓度极化(ICP)和外部浓度极化(ICP)现象。这些现象是在有混合和无混合以及膜的不同方向(FO 模式和 PRO 模式)的情况下进行研究的。还研究了这些现象对 FO-HG 和 FO-NaCl 系统水流量的影响。还进行了一项评估,以确定 FO-HG 系统中用作牵引剂的水凝胶的数量和大小对水通量的影响。研究结果表明,与较大的颗粒相比,FO-HG 系统中较小的水凝胶颗粒显示出更高的通量。此外,研究还发现,当使用盐水作为进料溶液时,PRO 模式的水通量出乎意料地更高。这一现象可归因于 FO 状态下的反渗透效应。尽管水凝胶具有很高的吸水能力,并有可能成为正渗透过程中的理想汲取剂,但结果表明 FO-HG 系统的通量不如 FO-NaCl 系统。最后,重点是通过建议一个昼夜多次循环的过程来解决低通量问题。我们研究了一个循环中水凝胶颗粒大小、膜表面、水凝胶层厚度以及膨胀和消肿时间的影响。膨胀时间在最佳吸收持续时间处显示出一个峰值,而消融时间则没有显示出类似的最佳点,这突出了膨胀和消融现象之间的差异。因此,仅靠水凝胶的高吸收能力不足以成功实现海水淡化。研究结果强调了合成具有最小阻力的膜的重要性,这种膜可实现高水通量和适当的选择性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Challenges of forward osmosis desalination processes using hydrogels as draw agents

Challenges of forward osmosis desalination processes using hydrogels as draw agents
The present study aims to investigate the properties, identification, and comprehension of the obstacles encountered in the forward osmosis process when utilizing a hydrogel drawing agent (FO-HG). Furthermore, a comparison is made between the FO-HG system and conventional forward osmosis systems employing a salt solution drawing agent. The comparison and evaluation of the swelling process of hydrogel and the kinetics of water penetration are conducted in both un-constrained and constrained states. Furthermore, the investigation and analysis are carried out to determine the presence or absence of internal concentration polarization (ICP) and external concentration polarization (ECP) phenomena. These phenomena are studied in situations with and without mixing, as well as in different orientations of the membrane (FO-mode and PRO-mode). The impact of these phenomena on the water flux of the systems FO-HG and FO-NaCl is also examined. An evaluation is conducted to determine the influence of the amount and size of hydrogel used as a draw agent in the FO-HG system on the water flux. The results of the study reveal that smaller hydrogel particles in the FO-HG system exhibit a higher flux compared to larger particles. Additionally, it is observed that the water flux in PRO-mode is unexpectedly higher when salt water is used as feed solution. This phenomenon can be ascribed to a counter-osmotic effect, originating from the FO state. Despite the high water absorption capacity of hydrogel and its potential as an ideal drawing agent in the forward osmosis process, the results demonstrate that the flux of the FO-HG system is inferior to that of the FO-NaCl system. Finally, the focus is on resolving the low flux issue by suggesting a process involving multiple cycles throughout day and night. We investigate the influence of hydrogel particle size, membrane surface, hydrogel layer thickness, as well as swelling and deswelling time in one cycle. The swelling time displays a peak at an optimal absorption duration, while the deswelling time does not show a similar optimal point, highlighting the difference between swelling and deswelling phenomena. Therefore, the hydrogels' high absorption capacity alone is insufficient for achieving desalination success. The research findings emphasize the high importance of synthesis of a membrane with minimal resistance, enabling a high water flux and suitable selectivity.
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来源期刊
Journal of Membrane Science
Journal of Membrane Science 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
17.10
自引率
17.90%
发文量
1031
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Membrane Science is a publication that focuses on membrane systems and is aimed at academic and industrial chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and membranologists. It publishes original research and reviews on various aspects of membrane transport, membrane formation/structure, fouling, module/process design, and processes/applications. The journal primarily focuses on the structure, function, and performance of non-biological membranes but also includes papers that relate to biological membranes. The Journal of Membrane Science publishes Full Text Papers, State-of-the-Art Reviews, Letters to the Editor, and Perspectives.
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