Ecological consequences of antimicrobial residues and bioactive chemicals on antimicrobial resistance in agroecosystems

Background

The widespread use of antimicrobials in agriculture, coupled with bioactive chemicals like pesticides and growth promoting agents, has accelerated the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Agroecosystems provides a platform in the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose significant threats to both environmental and public health.

Aim of review

This review explores the explores the ecological consequences of antimicrobial residues and bioactive chemicals in agroecosystems, focusing on their role in shaping AMR. It delves into the mechanisms by which these substances enter agricultural environments, their interaction with soil microbiomes, and the subsequent impact on microbial community structure.

Key scientific concepts of review

Evidence suggests that the accumulation of antimicrobials promotes resistance gene transfer among microorganisms, potentially compromising ecosystem health and agricultural productivity. By synthesizing current research, we identify critical gaps in knowledge and propose strategies for mitigating the ecological risks associated with antimicrobial residues. Moreover, this study underscores the need for integrated management approaches to preserve ecosystem health and combat the spread of AMR in agricultural settings.