对恐惧症患者和非恐惧症患者注意力分离的眼动追踪分析。

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Christina Saalwirth, Maximilian Stefani, Marian Sauter, Wolfgang Mack
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究采用一种新的视觉搜索范式,通过眼动跟踪来研究与威胁有关的注意力偏差,这种范式可以单独测量注意力的脱离。这一点至关重要,因为以往的研究无法区分参与、脱离和行为冻结。33名自我报告患有特定恐惧症(蜘蛛、蛇和尖锐物体)的参与者(年龄 28.75 岁,平均年龄 8.98 岁,女性 21 人)和与之匹配的对照组(年龄 28.38 岁,平均年龄 8.66 岁,女性 21 人)参加了实验。实验要求受试者首先将注意力集中在屏幕中央的一幅图片上,然后在由六幅图片组成的外圈中寻找目标图片,并通过按下按钮来回答目标图片中的物体是向左还是向右。我们发现,与非恐惧症患者相比,无论刺激是与威胁相关还是中性,恐惧症患者都会表现出延迟脱离和决策时间变慢。这些结果表明,恐惧症患者的注意控制机制较差,在抑制无关信息方面存在问题。我们还证实了在复杂刺激下与威胁无关的共同特征效应(当注意到的刺激和未注意到的目标具有共同的刺激特征时,会延迟脱离)。这一过程可能会在研究注意力脱离的各种实验设置中发挥作用,但尚未被考虑。这些发现非常重要,因为良好的注意力控制可能是预防焦虑症的一种保护机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Eye-tracking analysis of attentional disengagement in phobic and non-phobic individuals.

This study investigated threat-related attention biases using a new visual search paradigm with eye tracking, which allows for measuring attentional disengagement in isolation. This is crucial as previous studies have been unable to distinguish between engagement, disengagement, and behavioral freezing. Thirty-three participants (Mage = 28.75 years, SD = 8.98; 21 women) with self-reported specific phobia (spiders, snakes, and pointed objects) and their matched controls (Mage = 28.38 years, SD = 8.66; 21 women) took part in the experiment. The participants were instructed to initially focus on a picture in the center of the screen, then search for a target picture in an outer circle consisting of six images, and respond via a button press whether the object in the target picture was oriented to the left or right. We found that phobic individuals show delayed disengagement and slower decision times compared with non-phobic individuals, regardless of whether the stimulus was threat-related or neutral. These results indicate that phobic individuals tend to exhibit poorer attentional control mechanisms and problems inhibiting irrelevant information. We also confirmed a threat-unrelated shared feature effect with complex stimuli (delayed disengagement when an attended stimulus and an unattended target share common stimulus features). This process might play a role in various experimental setups investigating attentional disengagement that has not yet been considered. These findings are important, as good attentional control may serve as a protective mechanism against anxiety disorders.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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