Michael S. Reid , Isolde Seiden Long , Lawrence de Koning
{"title":"使用微容器进行模拟开放式采集时,血容量、空气暴露持续时间、运输持续时间和测试延迟对血浆总二氧化碳的影响。","authors":"Michael S. Reid , Isolde Seiden Long , Lawrence de Koning","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110831","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exposing blood specimens to air reduces plasma total carbon dioxide (TCO<sub>2</sub>). We evaluated the degree of TCO<sub>2</sub> reduction attributed to open collection of neonatal blood in BD microtainers® (microtainers), microtainer transport duration and delayed testing of open plasma aliquots.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Venous blood was aliquoted into open microtainers in a 3x4 factorial design to simulate combined effects of blood volume (0.2–0.6 mL) and air exposure duration (0–5 min), with blood drawn in vacutainers as a control. Separate effects of in-hospital transport duration (0–120 min; whole blood), off-site transport duration (0–24 h; centrifuged whole blood), and the duration plasma aliquots remained open (0–120 min) were evaluated by repeated testing. Findings were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Student’s T-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the factorial experiment, mean plasma TCO<sub>2</sub> in microtainers was on average 3.5 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Smaller blood volume but not greater air exposure duration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TCO<sub>2</sub>. Mean TCO<sub>2</sub> in filled (0.6 mL; 1–5 min air exposure) microtainers was on average 2.9 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Simulated off-site transport of microtainers containing centrifuged whole blood significantly reduced TCO<sub>2</sub> (4 h; mean change = -1.5 mmol/L), as did delayed testing of aliquoted plasma (15 min; mean change = -1.3 mmol/L).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Plasma TCO<sub>2</sub> decreased with reduced microtainer blood volume, extended off-site transport duration of centrifuged whole blood and testing delay of aliquoted plasma. To minimize TCO<sub>2</sub> reduction, microtainers should be fully filled and tested rapidly. Laboratories should also consider whether an interpretive comment, correction factor or separate reference intervals are appropriate for these tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 110831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of blood volume, air exposure duration, transport duration, and testing delay on plasma total carbon dioxide in simulated open collections using microtainers\",\"authors\":\"Michael S. Reid , Isolde Seiden Long , Lawrence de Koning\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110831\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Exposing blood specimens to air reduces plasma total carbon dioxide (TCO<sub>2</sub>). We evaluated the degree of TCO<sub>2</sub> reduction attributed to open collection of neonatal blood in BD microtainers® (microtainers), microtainer transport duration and delayed testing of open plasma aliquots.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Venous blood was aliquoted into open microtainers in a 3x4 factorial design to simulate combined effects of blood volume (0.2–0.6 mL) and air exposure duration (0–5 min), with blood drawn in vacutainers as a control. Separate effects of in-hospital transport duration (0–120 min; whole blood), off-site transport duration (0–24 h; centrifuged whole blood), and the duration plasma aliquots remained open (0–120 min) were evaluated by repeated testing. Findings were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Student’s T-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the factorial experiment, mean plasma TCO<sub>2</sub> in microtainers was on average 3.5 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Smaller blood volume but not greater air exposure duration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TCO<sub>2</sub>. Mean TCO<sub>2</sub> in filled (0.6 mL; 1–5 min air exposure) microtainers was on average 2.9 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Simulated off-site transport of microtainers containing centrifuged whole blood significantly reduced TCO<sub>2</sub> (4 h; mean change = -1.5 mmol/L), as did delayed testing of aliquoted plasma (15 min; mean change = -1.3 mmol/L).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Plasma TCO<sub>2</sub> decreased with reduced microtainer blood volume, extended off-site transport duration of centrifuged whole blood and testing delay of aliquoted plasma. To minimize TCO<sub>2</sub> reduction, microtainers should be fully filled and tested rapidly. Laboratories should also consider whether an interpretive comment, correction factor or separate reference intervals are appropriate for these tests.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10172,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical biochemistry\",\"volume\":\"133 \",\"pages\":\"Article 110831\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical biochemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912024001255\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical biochemistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912024001255","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of blood volume, air exposure duration, transport duration, and testing delay on plasma total carbon dioxide in simulated open collections using microtainers
Background
Exposing blood specimens to air reduces plasma total carbon dioxide (TCO2). We evaluated the degree of TCO2 reduction attributed to open collection of neonatal blood in BD microtainers® (microtainers), microtainer transport duration and delayed testing of open plasma aliquots.
Methods
Venous blood was aliquoted into open microtainers in a 3x4 factorial design to simulate combined effects of blood volume (0.2–0.6 mL) and air exposure duration (0–5 min), with blood drawn in vacutainers as a control. Separate effects of in-hospital transport duration (0–120 min; whole blood), off-site transport duration (0–24 h; centrifuged whole blood), and the duration plasma aliquots remained open (0–120 min) were evaluated by repeated testing. Findings were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Student’s T-tests.
Results
In the factorial experiment, mean plasma TCO2 in microtainers was on average 3.5 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Smaller blood volume but not greater air exposure duration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced TCO2. Mean TCO2 in filled (0.6 mL; 1–5 min air exposure) microtainers was on average 2.9 mmol/L lower than in vacutainers. Simulated off-site transport of microtainers containing centrifuged whole blood significantly reduced TCO2 (4 h; mean change = -1.5 mmol/L), as did delayed testing of aliquoted plasma (15 min; mean change = -1.3 mmol/L).
Conclusions
Plasma TCO2 decreased with reduced microtainer blood volume, extended off-site transport duration of centrifuged whole blood and testing delay of aliquoted plasma. To minimize TCO2 reduction, microtainers should be fully filled and tested rapidly. Laboratories should also consider whether an interpretive comment, correction factor or separate reference intervals are appropriate for these tests.
期刊介绍:
Clinical Biochemistry publishes articles relating to clinical chemistry, molecular biology and genetics, therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology, laboratory immunology and laboratory medicine in general, with the focus on analytical and clinical investigation of laboratory tests in humans used for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and therapy, and monitoring of disease.