Impact of laparoscopic training course for surgical trainees based on an evidence-based pedagogical framework: randomized trial.

Background: The 'Learn, See, Practice, Prove, Do, Maintain' (LSPPDM) pedagogical framework is an evidence-based framework developed through a careful review and synthesis of the literature. The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness and applicability of the LSPPDM pedagogical framework in the laparoscopic training course for surgical residents.

Methods: Prospective study of surgical residents who underwent standardized surgical residency training in a single institution from December 2020 to December 2022. Trainees were randomized to either the pedagogical group (6-step LSPPDM pedagogical framework) or traditional group (2-step traditional approach with twice-weekly lectures and a weekly laparoscopic operating skills session). The Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills scale was used for technical skills, and the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons assessment form was used for non-technical skills.

Results: Sixty trainees were randomized. The pedagogical group scored higher on subjective perception (P < 0.050) and the theoretical assessment (mean(s.d.) 41.83(6.66)) than those in the traditional group (37.83(5.77)) (P = 0.016). Trainees in the pedagogical group took less time to complete the assessment of models, had fewer failures and higher scores, took less time to complete laparoscopic sutures and knots, showed better proficiency with laparoscopic instruments, and completed at higher quality (P < 0.050). Trainees performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in animal models demonstrated higher technical and non-technical skill scores in the pedagogical group (P < 0.050). 'Tissue handling' and 'Decision making' were common areas for improvement for both groups of trainees.

Conclusions: The LSPPDM pedagogical framework is feasible and demonstrated improvements in technical and non-technical skills in surgical trainees compared to a traditional training programme.