Palmar Dermatoglyphic Pattern in Relation to Blood Group and Gender in Saudi Population.

Background: Forensic medicine deals with the identification of individuals, but it also involves legal documents, financial transactions, and civil affairs. One of the most established and trustworthy biometric techniques is the fingerprint, which is accepted as valid identification documentation for individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional research involved 420 Saudi students, including 300 males and 120 females, aged between 18 and 27. On a white A4-sized Performa, rolled imprints of each participant's ten fingers were obtained, and these were categorized into loops, whorls, arches, and composites. The relationship between the ABO and Rh blood groups and fingerprint patterns were compared using the Chi-square test to see for any correlation.

Results: The study included 420 participants in total. Of these 420, there were males 300 (71.4%), and females 112 (28.6%) participants, respectively. Of the 420 participants, blood groups, such as A, B, AB, and O, were represented by 112 (26.7%), 75 (17.8%), 20 (4.8%), and 213 (50.7%) of the participants, respectively. Out of the 4200 fingerprints, 127 (3.0%) were composite, 1547 (36.8%) were whorl, 197 (4.7%) were arch, and 2329 (55.5%) were loop. An analysis of the fingerprint patterns of the ABO blood group revealed a statistically significant variance (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion: According to this study, the most common fingerprints were loop (55.5%) and whorl (36.8%). ABO blood group differences in fingerprint patterns were found to be statistically significant.