Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Pattern Recognition Receptors in the Podocyte.

Podocytes possess immune system components allowing for a variety of innate responses to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recently, several groups have linked inappropriate innate immune signaling to podocyte injury, particularly chronic, sustained injury; however, the immune capabilities of podocytes have not been fully elucidated. Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger molecules released from damaged cells, including podocytes, and can elicit an inflammatory response and recruit immune cells to areas of injury. This is done through binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRR). Thought largely to be protective and responsive to injury or infection, recent evidence suggests signaling via DAMP pathways can aggravate and promote chronic diseases already associated with inflammation. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight current knowledge with respect to specific podocyte DAMPs and PRRs, and to provide insight into ongoing work and possible future research avenues to advance our understanding of podocyte immune mechanisms.