Mining-metallurgical monopoly capital in Mexico, 1960–2023

This study analyzes the historical evolution of monopoly capital in the mining-metallurgical sector in Mexico during 1960–2023, focusing on the cases of the companies Grupo México and Industrias Peñoles. The main corporate strategies used to maintain and expand their control are reviewed, as well as the economic policies and legal changes that occurred in parallel with this process, from the Mexicanization of the industry to the implementation of neoliberal policies. It is concluded that the trajectory of mining monopolies is based on the appropriation of growing revenues through land monopolization and the formation of a corporate-government network, leading to an increasing concentration of wealth and the generation of prolonged socio-environmental conflicts.