Association between Levetiracetam Use and Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether levetiracetam (LEV), the most used antiepileptic drug, influences survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), using a national database.

Materials and methods: This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Patients diagnosed with GBM between 2007-2018 treated with standard therapy were included. The study population was divided into long-term (≥60 days) and short-term (<30 days) LEV groups. A separate long-term valproic acid (VPA) group (≥60 days) was identified for comparison. Demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment parameters were collected. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to compare survival outcomes between the groups.

Results: Overall, 2,971 patients were included, with 1,319 and 1,652 in the short-term and long-term LEV groups, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire population was 19.15 months post-surgery. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly longer median OS in the long-term LEV group versus the short-term LEV group. After adjusting for confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed an association of long-term LEV use with improved survival, which was also observed in a subgroup analysis of patients without preoperative seizure history. The long-term LEV group demonstrated longer median OS, compared with the long-term VPA group.

Conclusion: Our nationwide population-based study found an association between long-term LEV use and improved survival in patients with GBM, regardless of preoperative seizure history. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate the potential impact of LEV on the survival outcomes of patients with GBM.