H. J. Jongen, S. Vulova, F. Meier, G. J. Steeneveld, F. A. Jansen, D. Tetzlaff, B. Kleinschmit, N. Haacke, A. J. Teuling
求助PDF
{"title":"从涡度-协方差到地表覆盖归因城市蒸散量:自下而上与自上而下","authors":"H. J. Jongen, S. Vulova, F. Meier, G. J. Steeneveld, F. A. Jansen, D. Tetzlaff, B. Kleinschmit, N. Haacke, A. J. Teuling","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037508","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Evapotranspiration <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/5d18cc63-d71d-49d9-9c2a-db2a954fa1fb/wrcr27473-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"216\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"0,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis upper E upper T right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"1,2\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"0,5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis upper E upper T right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" stretchy=\"false\">(</mo><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"1,2\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" stretchy=\"false\">)</mo></mrow>$(ET)$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> is a key process in the hydrological cycle that can help mitigate urban heat. <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/1ae5dd4c-ef0d-4887-9ae0-cc4564020cc8/wrcr27473-math-0002.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"217\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0002.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0002.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> depends on the surface cover, as the surface affects the partitioning of precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration. In urban neighborhoods, this surface cover is highly heterogeneous. The resulting neighborhood-scale <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/f442492c-4f20-4b79-b920-3b025bd59da8/wrcr27473-math-0003.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"218\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0003.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0003\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0003.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> can be observed with eddy-covariance systems. However, these observations represent the signal from wind- and stability-dependent footprints resulting in a continuously changing contribution of surface cover types to the observation. This continuous change prevents quantifying the contribution of the surface cover types to neighborhood <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/b03a0298-b209-4b29-83be-7a4b8f209b73/wrcr27473-math-0004.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"219\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0004.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0004\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0004.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> and their hourly dynamics. Here, we disentangle this neighborhood-scale <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/72f09ce9-3473-435e-95b4-052965cc03b9/wrcr27473-math-0005.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"220\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0005.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0005\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0005.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> at two sites in Berlin attributing the patch-scale <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/06f908fd-6cc2-446f-822f-6d02cee4640c/wrcr27473-math-0006.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"221\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0006.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0006\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0006.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> dynamics to the four major surface cover types in the footprint: impervious surfaces, low vegetation, high vegetation, and open water. From the bottom-up, we reconstruct neighborhood <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/655bf48f-aaa2-49f1-9e84-5006802cf6e8/wrcr27473-math-0007.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"222\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0007.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0007\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0007.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> based on patch-scale observations and conceptual models. Alternatively, we start top-down and attribute neighborhood <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/c5e7fa4c-671b-46fd-9b91-9419ddfce9b5/wrcr27473-math-0008.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"223\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0008.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0008\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0008.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> to the surface cover types solving a system of equations for three eddy-covariance systems. Although data requirements for the bottom-up approach are met more frequently, both approaches indicate that vegetation is responsible for more <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/98aedb32-0b87-4cdf-9a9a-b02b93d110e5/wrcr27473-math-0009.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"224\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0009.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0009\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0009.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> than proportional to its surface fraction in the footprint related to the large evaporating surface compared to the ground surface. Evaporation from impervious surfaces cannot be neglected, although it is less than from vegetation due to limited water availability. The limited water availability causes impervious surfaces to cease evaporation hours after rainfall, while vegetation and open water sustain <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/8c0a8495-098c-4198-8e7c-a4930024dd6b/wrcr27473-math-0010.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"225\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0010.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0010\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0010.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper E upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> for extended periods.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Attributing Urban Evapotranspiration From Eddy-Covariance to Surface Cover: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down\",\"authors\":\"H. J. Jongen, S. Vulova, F. Meier, G. J. Steeneveld, F. A. Jansen, D. Tetzlaff, B. Kleinschmit, N. Haacke, A. J. Teuling\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2024wr037508\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Evapotranspiration <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/5d18cc63-d71d-49d9-9c2a-db2a954fa1fb/wrcr27473-math-0001.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"216\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0001.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"0,5\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"leftright\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"left parenthesis upper E upper T right parenthesis\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fenced\\\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"open\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"1,2\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"close\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0001\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0001.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"0,5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftright\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"left parenthesis upper E upper T right parenthesis\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fenced\\\"><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"open\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</mo><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"1,2\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"close\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</mo></mrow>$(ET)$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> is a key process in the hydrological cycle that can help mitigate urban heat. <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/1ae5dd4c-ef0d-4887-9ae0-cc4564020cc8/wrcr27473-math-0002.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"217\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0002.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0002\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0002.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> depends on the surface cover, as the surface affects the partitioning of precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration. In urban neighborhoods, this surface cover is highly heterogeneous. The resulting neighborhood-scale <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/f442492c-4f20-4b79-b920-3b025bd59da8/wrcr27473-math-0003.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"218\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0003.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0003\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0003.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> can be observed with eddy-covariance systems. However, these observations represent the signal from wind- and stability-dependent footprints resulting in a continuously changing contribution of surface cover types to the observation. This continuous change prevents quantifying the contribution of the surface cover types to neighborhood <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/b03a0298-b209-4b29-83be-7a4b8f209b73/wrcr27473-math-0004.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"219\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0004.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0004\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0004.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> and their hourly dynamics. Here, we disentangle this neighborhood-scale <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/72f09ce9-3473-435e-95b4-052965cc03b9/wrcr27473-math-0005.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"220\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0005.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0005\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0005.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> at two sites in Berlin attributing the patch-scale <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/06f908fd-6cc2-446f-822f-6d02cee4640c/wrcr27473-math-0006.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"221\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0006.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0006\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0006.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> dynamics to the four major surface cover types in the footprint: impervious surfaces, low vegetation, high vegetation, and open water. From the bottom-up, we reconstruct neighborhood <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/655bf48f-aaa2-49f1-9e84-5006802cf6e8/wrcr27473-math-0007.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"222\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0007.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0007\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0007.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> based on patch-scale observations and conceptual models. Alternatively, we start top-down and attribute neighborhood <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/c5e7fa4c-671b-46fd-9b91-9419ddfce9b5/wrcr27473-math-0008.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"223\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0008.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0008\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0008.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> to the surface cover types solving a system of equations for three eddy-covariance systems. Although data requirements for the bottom-up approach are met more frequently, both approaches indicate that vegetation is responsible for more <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/98aedb32-0b87-4cdf-9a9a-b02b93d110e5/wrcr27473-math-0009.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"224\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0009.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0009\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0009.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> than proportional to its surface fraction in the footprint related to the large evaporating surface compared to the ground surface. Evaporation from impervious surfaces cannot be neglected, although it is less than from vegetation due to limited water availability. The limited water availability causes impervious surfaces to cease evaporation hours after rainfall, while vegetation and open water sustain <span data-altimg=\\\"/cms/asset/8c0a8495-098c-4198-8e7c-a4930024dd6b/wrcr27473-math-0010.png\\\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"225\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" role=\\\"application\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0010.png\\\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\" style=\\\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\\\"inline\\\" unselectable=\\\"on\\\"><math altimg=\\\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27473:wrcr27473-math-0010\\\" display=\\\"inline\\\" location=\\\"graphic/wrcr27473-math-0010.png\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper E upper T\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">E</mi><mo data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"></mo><mi data-semantic-=\\\"\\\" data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\">T</mi></mrow>$ET$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> for extended periods.\",\"PeriodicalId\":23799,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037508\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Resources Research","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037508","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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