Pyroelectric field drived photocatalysis by ZnFe2O4/NaNbO3 heterojunction for dye degradation through integration of solar and thermal energy

A novel composite of ZnFe₂O₄/NaNbO₃ (ZFO/NNO) nanorods with a p-n heterojunction structure was successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The NNO nanorods were heated in situ using the photothermal effect of ZFO and subsequently cooled to room temperature, creating a cyclic heating and cooling process for ZFO/NNO. The catalytic activity of the resulting nanorods was assessed through the degradation of Rhodamine B, reaching 98% degradation efficiency after 180 min, attributed to the synergistic effect of pyrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Compared with NNO and ZFO individually, the enhanced performance of ZFO/NNO can be attributed to several synergistic factors, including the expanded spectral range of light absorption for ZFO, the establishment of the built-in electric field of the p-n junction between ZFO and NNO, and the NNO pyroelectric effect that further improved the charge transfer efficiency. Superoxide radicals and holes generated from photo-induced electrons were identified as the active species. Hydroxyl radicals generated from pyroelectrically-induced charge also participated in catalytic reaction. The combined effect of pyroelectric and photocatalytic processes could significantly improve the coupled pyro-photocatalytic reaction for pyroelectric semiconductor heterostructure, enabling the utilization of multiple energy sources, including solar and thermal energy.