Point-of-care biosensors and devices for diagnostics of chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern, necessitating early and accurate diagnostic tools to manage and mitigate its progression. Point-of-care (POC) biosensors and devices offer a promising solution for rapid, cost-effective, and accessible diagnostics. This review explores the latest advancements in POC biosensors and devices specifically designed for CKD diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the biosensors most likely to achieve on-site detection of CKD, focusing on their design and application in real samples, including electrochemical, fluorescent, and colorimetric sensors. Also, the innovative platforms are summarized from lateral flow devices, lab-on-a-chip devices, and microfluidic-based devices. The potential of these technologies for real-time monitoring, early detection, and personalized treatment is underscored. The review concludes by envisioning future perspectives and the transformative impact of POC biosensors in CKD diagnostics, aiming to improve patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.