利用 prioritizr R 软件包进行系统性保护优先排序

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Jeffrey O. Hanson, Richard Schuster, Matthew Strimas‐Mackey, Nina Morrell, Brandon P. M. Edwards, Peter Arcese, Joseph R. Bennett, Hugh P. Possingham
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引用次数: 0

摘要

扩大保护区系统的计划(优先化)需要实现保护目标。它们还需要考虑其他因素,如经济可行性和人为土地使用要求。虽然优先化通常是通过决策支持工具生成的,但大多数工具都有局限性,妨碍了它们在决策中的使用。我们概述了如何使用 prioritizr R 软件包 (https://prioritizr.net) 进行系统的保护优先排序。该决策支持工具提供了一个灵活的界面来构建保护规划问题。它可以利用各种商业(如 Gurobi)和开源(如 CBC 和 SYMPHONY)精确算法求解器在短时间内找出最佳解决方案。它还兼容各种空间显式(如 ESRI Shapefile、GeoTIFF)和非空间表格(如 Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet)数据格式。此外,它还提供了评估优先级的功能,例如评估优先级所选不同地点的相对重要性。为了展示 prioritizr R 软件包,我们将其应用于华盛顿州(美国)的一个案例研究,我们为该案例研究制定了一个优先级,以提高保护区对本地鸟类的覆盖率。我们考虑了土地购置成本、现有保护区、可能不适合建立保护区的地方以及空间破碎化等因素。我们还进行了基准分析,以检验不同求解器的性能。优先排序确定了 1.24 万平方公里的优先区域,以提高保护区覆盖的物种分布比例。虽然开源和商业求解器都能快速解决大规模保护规划问题,但复杂的大规模问题则需要商业求解器。Prioritizr R 软件包可在 R 档案综合网络(CRAN)上下载。除保护区选择外,它还可为栖息地恢复、连通性增强和生态系统服务提供提供信息。它已被用于许多保护规划活动中,为最佳实践提供信息并帮助实际决策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Systematic conservation prioritization with the prioritizr R package
Plans for expanding protected area systems (prioritizations) need to fulfill conservation objectives. They also need to account for other factors, such as economic feasibility and anthropogenic land‐use requirements. Although prioritizations are often generated with decision support tools, most tools have limitations that hinder their use for decision‐making. We outlined how the prioritizr R package (https://prioritizr.net) can be used for systematic conservation prioritization. This decision support tool provides a flexible interface to build conservation planning problems. It can leverage a variety of commercial (e.g., Gurobi) and open‐source (e.g., CBC and SYMPHONY) exact algorithm solvers to identify optimal solutions in a short period. It is also compatible with a variety of spatially explicit (e.g., ESRI Shapefile, GeoTIFF) and nonspatial tabular (e.g., Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet) data formats. Additionally, it provides functionality for evaluating prioritizations, such as assessing the relative importance of different places selected by a prioritization. To showcase the prioritizr R package, we applied it to a case study based in Washington state (United States) for which we developed a prioritization to improve protected area coverage of native avifauna. We accounted for land acquisition costs, existing protected areas, places that might not be suitable for protected area establishment, and spatial fragmentation. We also conducted a benchmark analysis to examine the performance of different solvers. The prioritization identified 12,400 km2 of priority areas for increasing the percentage of species’ distributions covered by protected areas. Although open source and commercial solvers were able to quickly solve large‐scale conservation planning problems, commercial solvers were required for complex, large‐scale problems.. The prioritizr R package is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). In addition to reserve selection, it can inform habitat restoration, connectivity enhancement, and ecosystem service provisioning. It has been used in numerous conservation planning exercises to inform best practices and aid real‐world decision‐making.
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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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