Recent advances in application of nanofibers as extraction sorbents in environmental analysis

The development of advanced extraction sorbents for efficient sample pretreatment is one of the most challenging tasks in analytical chemistry. Since the first successful application of nanofibers as extraction sorbents, they have been the subject of extensive research. The wide variety of nanofibrous materials and the ease of their functionalization provide a wide scope for creativity and innovation. Current trends in the development of nanofibrous sorbents include new applications in microextraction approaches, the production of advanced coated materials and composites, and their application beyond environmental analysis. This review summarizes the major achievements mostly of the last decade and focuses on recent advances in nanofiber extraction principles, nanofiber modifications, and provides examples of recent applications of nanofibers as sorbents and extraction materials. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of nanofibers in soil, plant-based matrix, living organism, wastewater, river water, drinking water, food, and biological fluid analysis.