From foes to friends; bacterial proteins for optimal wart cryotherapy

Warts are a common skin complaint caused by viral infections. Cryotherapy is a well-established approach for wart removal, which apply low temperatures to freeze and destroy infectious cells. However, this process may face-up several unwanted side effect on healthy nearby tissues. Besides, proper penetration of such temperature is also required to cause irreversible damages in deep-root infectious layers. In this respect, ice-producing proteins that are naturally found in some bacterial species, knowing as ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria, may be practical. In the current work, we hypothesized purification and encapsulation of these proteins into vesicular lipid particles (such as liposomes, niosomes, and exosomes) for an intralesional injection. Thereby, effective wart removal would be achieved even at low temperatures without undesirable effects.