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引用次数: 0
摘要
借鉴过去的研究成果，我们对 "归纳之谜"（New Riddle of Induction）提出了一种新的方法，表明在特定的理想条件下，可怕性质的归纳推理是不可靠的，而这些理想条件足以可靠地归纳推理出非可怕性质。作为我们论述的辅助，我们引入了解决背景信息与原本可靠的归纳推理结论之间冲突的规则。我们对 "新归纳之谜 "的处理方法，在它所承认的适合归纳推演的属性范围方面是相当宽容的，允许对高度泾渭分明的非自然属性进行归纳推演。然而，作为对新谜题讨论的补充，我们表明，在样本较小的情况下，自然属性确实是归纳推理的更可靠基础。
Induction With and Without Natural Properties: a New Approach to the New Riddle of Induction
Drawing on past work, we introduce a new approach to the New Riddle of Induction, showing that the inductive projection of gruesome properties is unreliable under particular ideal conditions that are sufficient for the reliable inductive projection of non-gruesome properties. As an auxiliary to our account, we introduce rules for resolving conflicts between background information and the conclusions of otherwise reliable inductive inferences. Our approach to the New Riddle of Induction is quite permissive in the range of properties it recognizes as suitable for inductive projection, allowing for the inductive projection of highly gerrymandered non-natural properties. However, as an addendum to our discussion of the New Riddle, we show that natural properties do form a more reliable basis for inductive projection in cases where one’s sample is small.
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Founded in 1971, Philosophia is a much-respected journal that has provided a platform to many well-known philosophers, including Kenneth Arrow, A.J. Ayer, Roderick Chisholm, Bas van Fraassen, William Frankena, P.T. Geach, Alan Gewirth, Jaakko Hintikka, Richard Popkin, W.V.O. Quine, Gilbert Ryle, Marcus Singer, Peter Singer, J.J.C. Smart, P.F. Strawson, and many others. Philosophia also published papers of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Rudolf Carnap.
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