小肠细菌过度生长

IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Eden Sharabi, Ali Rezaie
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引用次数: 0

摘要

综述目的小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)是一种慢性胃肠道疾病,小肠内细菌过度和异常生长通常会导致腹痛、腹胀和排便习惯改变。在过去 20 年中,随着治疗方法和诊断技术的进步,我们对 SIBO 潜在病理和微生物组变化的认识也有了很大提高。在此,我们回顾了许多描述 SIBO 的病理生理学及其风险因素、临床表现、诊断和管理的最新研究成果。最近的研究成果研究人员已开始采用先进的分子检测方法对小肠微生物组进行测序,以揭示 SIBO 的明显变化。肠杆菌科成员数量的增加是肠道微生物组的主要变化,与 SIBO 诊断和症状严重程度相关,而且已证实 SIBO 会增强特定的产气途径。随着小肠抽吸法的创新和氢气呼气试验解释的改变,诊断方法也在不断发展。元素膳食是最新的治疗方式,为抗生素治疗提供了令人兴奋的替代方案。摘要SIBO 的研究为我们了解小肠微生物组提供了宝贵的资料,特别是通过分子检测。我们对 SIBO 的理解和治疗正在发生令人兴奋的变化。未来的工作将不仅能更好地阐明微生物的变化,还能更好地阐明其诊断的金标准、治疗方法和二级预防。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Purpose of review

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder wherein excessive and abnormal growth of bacteria in the small bowel generally causes abdominal pain, bloating, and change in bowel habits. Our understanding of the underlying pathology and microbiome changes in SIBO has advanced greatly in the last 20 years in parallel with advances in treatment methods and diagnostics. Here, we review many of the latest findings that describe the pathophysiology of SIBO as well as its risk factors, clinical behavior, diagnosis, and management.

Recent findings

Studies have begun to employ advanced molecular assays to sequence the small bowel microbiome to reveal the changes evident in SIBO. An increase in the abundance of members of the Enterobacteriaceae is the main alteration to the gut microbiome that correlates with SIBO diagnosis and symptom severity, and enhancement of specific gas-producing pathways has been demonstrated in SIBO. Diagnostic methods continue to evolve with novel methods of small bowel aspiration and changes to interpretation of hydrogen breath tests. Elemental diets are the newest treatment modality that offer an exciting alternative to antibiotic therapy.

Summary

The study of SIBO provides valuable insights into the small bowel microbiome, particularly using molecular testing. Exciting changes to our understanding and treatment of SIBO are already in progress. Future work will be able to better elucidate not only the altered microbiology, but also its gold standard of diagnosis, treatment modalities, and secondary prevention.

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来源期刊
Current Infectious Disease Reports
Current Infectious Disease Reports INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of infectious disease. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, tropical and travel medicine, and urinary tract infections. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists.
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