移民妇女的母性惩罚与劳动力市场融合:来自四个经合组织国家的证据综述

IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIOLOGY
Societies Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.3390/soc14090162
Samitha Udayanga
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在阻碍移民妇女有效融入劳动力市场的若干原因中,母性惩罚和无偿照料责任尤为突出。有鉴于此,本范围界定综述展示了澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的母性是如何影响移民妇女融入劳动力市场的。综述显示,为人父母加剧了两性薪酬差距,限制了进入劳动力市场的机会,有利于有子女的男性,而不利于移民母亲。此外,移民的教育水平、子女年龄和原籍国/种族可能会缓和母性惩罚的影响。在所研究的四个国家中,移民妇女在劳动力市场上的表现尤为糟糕。造成这种情况的因素包括语言能力有限、限制某些移民妇女群体从事全职工作的传统性别规范,以及工作许可证办理延误等制度性障碍。为了应对这些挑战,澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国实施了各种政策,促进移民母亲加入劳动力队伍。这些措施包括语言和法律制度教育、补贴托儿服务以及针对母亲和儿童的融合计划。此外,加拿大和美国的一些方案还提供就业援助和育儿财政支持,而澳大利亚和英国则提供全面的融入和定居服务。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Motherhood Penalty and Labour Market Integration of Immigrant Women: A Review on Evidence from Four OECD Countries
Among several reasons preventing the effective labour market integration of immigrant women, the motherhood penalty and unpaid care responsibilities stand out prominently. In line with this, the present scoping review shows how motherhood affects the labour market integration of immigrant women in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. This review shows that parenthood exacerbates the gender pay gap and limits labour market access, favouring men with children over immigrant mothers. Moreover, the effect of the motherhood penalty might be moderated by the level of education, age of the children, and the country of origin/ethnicity of immigrants. In the four countries examined, labour market outcomes for immigrant women are particularly poor. Factors contributing to this include limited language proficiency, traditional gender norms that restrict the full-time employment of certain groups of immigrant women, and institutional barriers like work-permit processing delays. To address these challenges, Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA have implemented various policies facilitating immigrant mothers’ workforce participation. These measures include language and legal-system education, subsidised childcare, and integration programmes for both mothers and children. Additionally, some programmes in Canada and the USA provide employment assistance and financial support for childcare, while Australia and the UK offer comprehensive integration and settlement services.
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来源期刊
Societies
Societies SOCIOLOGY-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
9.50%
发文量
150
审稿时长
11 weeks
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