Importance of nano-carriers, surfactant system, and their loading mechanism to improve the absorption and bio-availability of drugs: a review

Improving the apparent solubility of poorly soluble therapeutic molecules with poor absorption into the circulatory system is a significant research question in drug discovery. This enhancement is achieved by delivering drugs through nano-carriers that provide apparent solubility with its surfactant. The effectiveness of a nano-carrier is relied majorly on its loading efficiency which is determined by the extent of interaction between the drug and the surfactants of the carriers. The loading effectiveness can be reckoned with a better understanding of the drug-surfactant conjugation mechanism. Hence this review comprehends the different nano-carriers, their appropriate surfactant systems, and the loading mechanism of drugs with surfactants through different bonds. Further, the current status and prospects of the nano-carriers are briefly summarized at last to expound on the significance of these nano-carriers in drug delivery.