Metaheuristics for Solving Global and Engineering Optimization Problems: Review, Applications, Open Issues and Challenges

The greatest and fastest advances in the computing world today require researchers to develop new problem-solving techniques capable of providing an optimal global solution considering a set of aspects and restrictions. Due to the superiority of the metaheuristic Algorithms (MAs) in solving different classes of problems and providing promising results, MAs need to be studied. Numerous studies of MAs algorithms in different fields exist, but in this study, a comprehensive review of MAs, its nature, types, applications, and open issues are introduced in detail. Specifically, we introduce the metaheuristics' advantages over other techniques. To obtain an entire view about MAs, different classifications based on different aspects (i.e., inspiration source, number of search agents, the updating mechanisms followed by search agents in updating their positions, and the number of primary parameters of the algorithms) are presented in detail, along with the optimization problems including both structure and different types. The application area occupies a lot of research, so in this study, the most widely used applications of MAs are presented. Finally, a great effort of this research is directed to discuss the different open issues and challenges of MAs, which help upcoming researchers to know the future directions of this active field. Overall, this study helps existing researchers understand the basic information of the metaheuristic field in addition to directing newcomers to the active areas and problems that need to be addressed in the future.