生物多样性作为评估沿海生境保护状况的工具:卡拉布里亚(意大利南部)案例研究

Diversity Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI:10.3390/d16090535
Antonio Morabito, Carmelo Maria Musarella, Giuseppe Caruso, Giovanni Spampinato
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类活动改变了栖息地的结构和功能,改变了植被,造成典型物种的消失,地中海沿岸受到人类活动的威胁。要通过有计划的政策来保护这些脆弱的环境,就必须确定沿海生境的保护状况。本研究旨在通过分析生物多样性并将其与城市化联系起来,评估具有社区利益的栖息地(根据欧共体第 43/92 号指令)的保护状况。共进行了 73 次植被调查,从而确定了 13 个不同的栖息地。每个栖息地的总植物物种多样性是通过 H 指数来衡量的,该指数也用于评估自然度(N),对本地物种、外来物种和受干扰物种进行了不同的考虑。为了将 N 指数与城市中心的距离联系起来,我们进行了一项统计分析。分析表明,生境 2240、2110、2260 和 2230 的 H+ 值最高,而生境 2270* 和 2240 的 H+ 值最低。栖息地 2270* 和 2240 最接近城市中心,其自然度得分低于栖息地 1420、2120、2250* 和 2270*,而栖息地 1420、2120、2250* 和 2270* 的自然度得分较高,因此干扰程度较低。本研究讨论的标准和方法可用于海岸管理,以确定最敏感的生境并实施有效的保护战略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biodiversity as a Tool in the Assessment of the Conservation Status of Coastal Habitats: A Case Study from Calabria (Southern Italy)
The Mediterranean coasts are threatened by human activities that alter habitats structure and functionality, modifying vegetation and causing the loss of typical species. The definition of the conservation status of coastal habitats is essential to preserve these fragile environments through planned policies. This study aims to assess the conservation status of the habitats of community interest (sensu EEC Directive 43/92) through the analysis of biodiversity and correlating it with urbanisation. A total of 73 vegetation relevés were carried out, so allowing 13 revealing different habitats to be identified. The total plant species diversity per habitat was measured by means of the H-index, also used to assess naturalness (N), differently considering native, alien, and disturbance species. To correlate the N index with distance from urban centres, a statistical analysis was performed. The analysis showed the highest values of H+ were found in habitats 2240, 2110, 2260, and 2230, while lowest values were observed in habitats 2270* and 2240. The habitats 2270* and 2240, the closest to urban centres, have a lower naturalness score than habitats 1420, 2120, 2250*, and 2270*, where higher naturalness scores have been found and therefore lower levels of disturbance. The criteria and methods discussed in this study can be used in coastal management in order to identify the most sensitive habitats and implement an effective conservation strategy.
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