{"title":"农村地区的教育机会:中国高等教育扩张的证据","authors":"Ande Shen, Jiwei Zhou","doi":"arxiv-2408.12915","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the causal impact of education opportunities on rural\nareas by exploiting the higher education expansion (HEE) in China in 1999. By\nutilizing the detailed census data, the cohort-based difference-in-differences\ndesign indicates that the HEE increased college attendance and encouraged more\npeople to attend senior high schools and that the effect is more significant in\nrural areas. Then we apply a similar approach to a novel panel data set of\nrural villages and households to examine the effect of education opportunities\non rural areas. We find contrasting impacts on income and life quality between\nvillages and households. Villages in provinces with higher HEE magnitudes\nunderwent a drop in the average income and worse living facilities. On the\ncontrary, households sending out migrants after the HEE experienced an increase\nin their per capita income. The phenomenon where villages experienced a ``brain\ndrain'' and households with migrants gained after the HEE is explained by the\nfact that education could serve as a way to overcome the barrier of rural-urban\nmigration. Our findings highlight the opposed impacts of education\nopportunities on rural development and household welfare in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":501273,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - ECON - General Economics","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Education Opportunities for Rural Areas: Evidence from China's Higher Education Expansion\",\"authors\":\"Ande Shen, Jiwei Zhou\",\"doi\":\"arxiv-2408.12915\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This paper explores the causal impact of education opportunities on rural\\nareas by exploiting the higher education expansion (HEE) in China in 1999. By\\nutilizing the detailed census data, the cohort-based difference-in-differences\\ndesign indicates that the HEE increased college attendance and encouraged more\\npeople to attend senior high schools and that the effect is more significant in\\nrural areas. Then we apply a similar approach to a novel panel data set of\\nrural villages and households to examine the effect of education opportunities\\non rural areas. We find contrasting impacts on income and life quality between\\nvillages and households. Villages in provinces with higher HEE magnitudes\\nunderwent a drop in the average income and worse living facilities. On the\\ncontrary, households sending out migrants after the HEE experienced an increase\\nin their per capita income. The phenomenon where villages experienced a ``brain\\ndrain'' and households with migrants gained after the HEE is explained by the\\nfact that education could serve as a way to overcome the barrier of rural-urban\\nmigration. Our findings highlight the opposed impacts of education\\nopportunities on rural development and household welfare in rural areas.\",\"PeriodicalId\":501273,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"arXiv - ECON - General Economics\",\"volume\":\"143 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"arXiv - ECON - General Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.12915\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"arXiv - ECON - General Economics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.12915","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Education Opportunities for Rural Areas: Evidence from China's Higher Education Expansion
This paper explores the causal impact of education opportunities on rural
areas by exploiting the higher education expansion (HEE) in China in 1999. By
utilizing the detailed census data, the cohort-based difference-in-differences
design indicates that the HEE increased college attendance and encouraged more
people to attend senior high schools and that the effect is more significant in
rural areas. Then we apply a similar approach to a novel panel data set of
rural villages and households to examine the effect of education opportunities
on rural areas. We find contrasting impacts on income and life quality between
villages and households. Villages in provinces with higher HEE magnitudes
underwent a drop in the average income and worse living facilities. On the
contrary, households sending out migrants after the HEE experienced an increase
in their per capita income. The phenomenon where villages experienced a ``brain
drain'' and households with migrants gained after the HEE is explained by the
fact that education could serve as a way to overcome the barrier of rural-urban
migration. Our findings highlight the opposed impacts of education
opportunities on rural development and household welfare in rural areas.