欧几里得准备。超越Λ$CDM的模拟与非线性。2.非标准模拟的结果
Euclid Collaboration, G. RáczJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USADepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, M. -A. BretonInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut de Ciencies de l'EspaiLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, B. FioriniInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK, A. M. C. Le BrunLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, H. -A. WintherInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Z. SakrInstitut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieUniversité St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon, L. PizzutiDipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy, A. RagagninINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, T. GayouxLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, E. AltamuraJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, E. CarellaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, K. PardedeINFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyInternational Centre for Theoretical PhysicsIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, G. VerzaCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, K. KoyamaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, M. BaldiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PourtsidouInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKHiggs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK, F. VernizziInstitut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. G. AdameDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental, J. AdamekDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, S. AvilaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, C. CarboneINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, G. DespaliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. GiocoliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, C. Hernández-AguayoMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~1, 85748 Garching, Germany, F. HassaniInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, M. KunzUniversité de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, B. LiDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, Y. RaseraLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, FranceInstitut universitaire de France, G. YepesDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental, V. Gonzalez-PerezDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain, P. -S. CorasanitiLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, J. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, N. HamausUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyExcellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. KiesslingJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MarinucciDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, C. MorettiSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, D. F. MotaInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, L. PigaDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, A. PisaniAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USAThe Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 41 Cooper Square, New York, NY 10003, USA, I. SzapudiInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, P. Tallada-CrespíCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, N. AghanimUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. AndreonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, C. BaccigalupiIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BardelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, D. BoninoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, E. BranchiniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, M. BresciaDepartment of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, J. BrinchmannInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal, S. CameraDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. CapobiancoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. F. CardoneINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, J. CarreteroCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, S. CasasInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, M. CastellanoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. CastignaniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. CavuotiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, A. CimattiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. Colodro-CondeInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, G. CongedoInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, C. J. ConseliceJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, L. ConversiEuropean Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, ItalyESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, Y. CopinUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, F. CourbinInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, H. M. CourtoisUCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, A. Da SilvaDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, H. DegaudenziDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, G. De LuciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. DouspisUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, F. DubathDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. A. J. DuncanJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, X. DupacESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, S. DusiniINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, A. EaletUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, M. FarinaINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, S. FarrensUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, S. FerriolUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, P. FosalbaInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitut de Ciencies de l'Espai, M. FrailisINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. FranceschiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. FumanaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. GaleottaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, B. GillisInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, P. Gómez-AlvarezFRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, SpainESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, A. GrazianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, F. GruppMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, S. V. H. HauganInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, W. HolmesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, F. HormuthFelix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany, A. HornstrupTechnical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center, S. IlićUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, FranceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, K. JahnkeMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, M. JhabvalaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, B. JoachimiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, E. KeihänenDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, S. KermicheAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, M. KilbingerUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, T. KitchingMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, B. KubikUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, H. Kurki-SuonioDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, P. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, V. LindholmDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, I. LloroNOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, G. MainettiCentre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, E. MaioranoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, O. MansuttiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, O. MarggrafUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, K. MarkovicJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MartinelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, N. MartinetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, F. MarulliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, R. MasseyDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, E. MedinaceliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. MeiUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, Y. MellierInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, M. MeneghettiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, G. MeylanInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, M. MorescoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, L. MoscardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. -M. NiemiEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, C. PadillaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, S. PaltaniDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, F. PasianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, K. PedersenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, W. J. PercivalWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada, V. PettorinoEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, S. PiresUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, G. PolentaSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy, M. PoncetCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales -- Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, L. A. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, F. RaisonMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, R. ReboloInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, A. RenziDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. RhodesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, G. RiccioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, E. RomelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. RoncarelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. SagliaUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, J. -C. SalvignolEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, A. G. SánchezMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, D. SaponeDepartamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile, B. SartorisUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. SchirmerMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, T. SchrabbackUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, A. SecrounAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, G. SeidelMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, S. SerranoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaSatlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences, C. SirignanoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, G. SirriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, L. StancoINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. SteinwagnerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. N. TaylorInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, I. TerenoDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, R. Toledo-MoreoUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain, F. TorradeflotPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 BellaterraCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, I. TutusausInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, L. ValenzianoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, T. VassalloUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, G. Verdoes KleijnKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, Y. WangInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, J. WellerUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, E. ZuccaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, A. BivianoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. BoucaudUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, E. BozzoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. BuriganaINAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, M. CalabreseAstronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta ValleyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, D. Di FerdinandoINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. A. Escartin VigoMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, G. FabbianInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UKCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, F. FinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, J. Gracia-CarpioMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. MatthewInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, N. MauriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PezzottaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, M. PöntinenDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. PorcianiUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, V. ScottezInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceJunia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France, M. TentiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. VielIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, M. WiesmannInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Y. AkramiInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, V. AllevatoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, S. AnselmiINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, M. ArchidiaconoDipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, F. Atrio-BarandelaDepartamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain, A. Balaguera-AntolinezInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, M. BallardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, D. BertaccaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, L. BlotKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the UniverseLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, S. BorganiDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BrutonMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, R. CabanacInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, A. CalabroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, B. Camacho QuevedoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Space Sciences, A. CappiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, F. CaroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. S. CarvalhoInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, T. CastroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, K. C. ChambersInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, S. ContariniMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. R. CoorayDepartment of Physics \& Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA, B. De CaroINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. de la TorreAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, G. DesprezDepartment of Astronomy \& Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada, A. Díaz-SánchezDepartamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, J. J. DiazInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, S. Di DomizioDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, H. DoleUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. EscoffierAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, A. G. FerrariDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, P. G. FerreiraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, I. FerreroInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, A. FontanaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, F. FornariINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, L. GabarraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, K. GangaUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, T. GasparettoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. GaztanagaInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, F. GiacominiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, F. GianottiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. GozaliaslDepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, FinlandDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. M. GutierrezInstituto de Astrofí sica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna E-38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofí sica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, E-38200, Spain, A. HallInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, H. HildebrandtRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, J. HjorthDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, A. Jimenez MuñozUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, J. J. E. KajavaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, FinlandSerco for European Space Agency, V. KansalARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, AustraliaCentre for Astrophysics \& Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, D. KaragiannisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, C. C. KirkpatrickDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, F. LacasaUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, J. Le GraetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, L. LegrandICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, J. LesgourguesInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, T. I. LiaudatIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. LoureiroOskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, SwedenAstrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, J. Macias-PerezUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, G. MaggioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. MagliocchettiINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, F. MannucciINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy, R. MaoliDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. J. A. P. MartinsCentro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, L. MaurinUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, R. B. MetcalfDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. MiluzioESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainHE Space for European Space Agency, P. MonacoDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. MontoroInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, A. MoraAurora Technology for European Space Agency, G. MorganteINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. NadathurInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, Nicholas A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK, L. PatriziiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, V. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, D. PotterDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, P. ReimbergInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France, I. RissoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, P. -F. RocciUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, M. SahlénTheoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, A. SchneiderDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, M. SerenoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. SilvestriInstitute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, A. Spurio ManciniDepartment of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UKMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, J. StadelDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, K. TanidisDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, C. TaoAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, N. TessoreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, G. TesteraINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, R. TeyssierDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, S. ToftCosmic Dawn CenterCosmic Dawn CenterNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, S. TosiDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, A. TrojaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. TucciDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. ValieriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. ValiviitaDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, D. VerganiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, P. VielzeufAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
{"title":"欧几里得准备。超越Λ$CDM的模拟与非线性。2.非标准模拟的结果","authors":"Euclid Collaboration, G. RáczJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USADepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, M. -A. BretonInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut de Ciencies de l'EspaiLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, B. FioriniInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK, A. M. C. Le BrunLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, H. -A. WintherInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Z. SakrInstitut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieUniversité St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon, L. PizzutiDipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\", Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy, A. RagagninINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, T. GayouxLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, E. AltamuraJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, E. CarellaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, K. PardedeINFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyInternational Centre for Theoretical PhysicsIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, G. VerzaCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, K. KoyamaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, M. BaldiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PourtsidouInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKHiggs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK, F. VernizziInstitut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. G. AdameDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental, J. AdamekDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, S. AvilaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, C. CarboneINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, G. DespaliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. GiocoliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, C. Hernández-AguayoMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~1, 85748 Garching, Germany, F. HassaniInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, M. KunzUniversité de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, B. LiDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, Y. RaseraLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, FranceInstitut universitaire de France, G. YepesDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental, V. Gonzalez-PerezDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain, P. -S. CorasanitiLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, J. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, N. HamausUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyExcellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. KiesslingJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MarinucciDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, C. MorettiSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, D. F. MotaInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, L. PigaDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, A. PisaniAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USAThe Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 41 Cooper Square, New York, NY 10003, USA, I. SzapudiInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, P. Tallada-CrespíCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, N. AghanimUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. AndreonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, C. BaccigalupiIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BardelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, D. BoninoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, E. BranchiniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, M. BresciaDepartment of Physics \"E. Pancini\", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, J. BrinchmannInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal, S. CameraDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. CapobiancoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. F. CardoneINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, J. CarreteroCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, S. CasasInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, M. CastellanoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. CastignaniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. CavuotiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, A. CimattiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. Colodro-CondeInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, G. CongedoInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, C. J. ConseliceJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, L. ConversiEuropean Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, ItalyESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, Y. CopinUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, F. CourbinInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, H. M. CourtoisUCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, A. Da SilvaDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, H. DegaudenziDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, G. De LuciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. DouspisUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, F. DubathDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. A. J. DuncanJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, X. DupacESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, S. DusiniINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, A. EaletUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, M. FarinaINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, S. FarrensUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, S. FerriolUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, P. FosalbaInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitut de Ciencies de l'Espai, M. FrailisINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. FranceschiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. FumanaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. GaleottaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, B. GillisInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, P. Gómez-AlvarezFRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, SpainESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, A. GrazianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, F. GruppMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, S. V. H. HauganInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, W. HolmesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, F. HormuthFelix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany, A. HornstrupTechnical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center, S. IlićUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, FranceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, K. JahnkeMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, M. JhabvalaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, B. JoachimiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, E. KeihänenDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, S. KermicheAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, M. KilbingerUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, T. KitchingMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, B. KubikUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, H. Kurki-SuonioDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, P. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, V. LindholmDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, I. LloroNOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, G. MainettiCentre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, E. MaioranoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, O. MansuttiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, O. MarggrafUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, K. MarkovicJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MartinelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, N. MartinetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, F. MarulliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, R. MasseyDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, E. MedinaceliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. MeiUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, Y. MellierInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, M. MeneghettiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, G. MeylanInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, M. MorescoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, L. MoscardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. -M. NiemiEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, C. PadillaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, S. PaltaniDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, F. PasianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, K. PedersenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, W. J. PercivalWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada, V. PettorinoEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, S. PiresUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, G. PolentaSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy, M. PoncetCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales -- Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, L. A. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, F. RaisonMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, R. ReboloInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, A. RenziDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. RhodesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, G. RiccioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, E. RomelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. RoncarelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. SagliaUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, J. -C. SalvignolEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, A. G. SánchezMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, D. SaponeDepartamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile, B. SartorisUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. SchirmerMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, T. SchrabbackUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, A. SecrounAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, G. SeidelMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, S. SerranoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaSatlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences, C. SirignanoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, G. SirriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, L. StancoINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. SteinwagnerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. N. TaylorInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, I. TerenoDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, R. Toledo-MoreoUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain, F. TorradeflotPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 BellaterraCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, I. TutusausInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, L. ValenzianoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, T. VassalloUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, G. Verdoes KleijnKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, Y. WangInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, J. WellerUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, E. ZuccaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, A. BivianoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. BoucaudUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, E. BozzoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. BuriganaINAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, M. CalabreseAstronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta ValleyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, D. Di FerdinandoINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. A. Escartin VigoMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, G. FabbianInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UKCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, F. FinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, J. Gracia-CarpioMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. MatthewInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, N. MauriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PezzottaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, M. PöntinenDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. PorcianiUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, V. ScottezInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceJunia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France, M. TentiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. VielIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, M. WiesmannInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Y. AkramiInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, V. AllevatoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, S. AnselmiINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, M. ArchidiaconoDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, F. Atrio-BarandelaDepartamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain, A. Balaguera-AntolinezInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, M. BallardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, D. BertaccaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, L. BlotKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the UniverseLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, S. BorganiDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BrutonMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, R. CabanacInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, A. CalabroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, B. Camacho QuevedoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Space Sciences, A. CappiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, F. CaroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. S. CarvalhoInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, T. CastroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, K. C. ChambersInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, S. ContariniMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. R. CoorayDepartment of Physics \\& Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA, B. De CaroINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. de la TorreAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, G. DesprezDepartment of Astronomy \\& Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada, A. Díaz-SánchezDepartamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, J. J. DiazInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, S. Di DomizioDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, H. DoleUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. EscoffierAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, A. G. FerrariDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, P. G. FerreiraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, I. FerreroInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, A. FontanaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, F. FornariINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, L. GabarraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, K. GangaUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, T. GasparettoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. GaztanagaInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, F. GiacominiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, F. GianottiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. GozaliaslDepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, FinlandDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. M. GutierrezInstituto de Astrofí sica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna E-38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofí sica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, E-38200, Spain, A. HallInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, H. HildebrandtRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, J. HjorthDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, A. Jimenez MuñozUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, J. J. E. KajavaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, FinlandSerco for European Space Agency, V. KansalARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, AustraliaCentre for Astrophysics \\& Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, D. KaragiannisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, C. C. KirkpatrickDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, F. LacasaUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, J. Le GraetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, L. LegrandICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, J. LesgourguesInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, T. I. LiaudatIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. LoureiroOskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, SwedenAstrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, J. Macias-PerezUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, G. MaggioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. MagliocchettiINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, F. MannucciINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy, R. MaoliDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. J. A. P. MartinsCentro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, L. MaurinUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, R. B. MetcalfDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. MiluzioESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainHE Space for European Space Agency, P. MonacoDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. MontoroInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, A. MoraAurora Technology for European Space Agency, G. MorganteINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. NadathurInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, Nicholas A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK, L. PatriziiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, V. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, D. PotterDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, P. ReimbergInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France, I. RissoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, P. -F. RocciUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, M. SahlénTheoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, A. SchneiderDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, M. SerenoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. SilvestriInstitute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, A. Spurio ManciniDepartment of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UKMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, J. StadelDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, K. TanidisDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, C. TaoAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, N. TessoreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, G. TesteraINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, R. TeyssierDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, S. ToftCosmic Dawn CenterCosmic Dawn CenterNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, S. TosiDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, A. TrojaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. TucciDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. ValieriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. ValiviitaDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, D. VerganiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, P. VielzeufAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France","doi":"arxiv-2409.03523","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The Euclid mission will measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented\nprecision. To distinguish between cosmological models, it is essential to\ngenerate realistic mock observables from cosmological simulations that were run\nin both the standard $\\Lambda$-cold-dark-matter ($\\Lambda$CDM) paradigm and in\nmany non-standard models beyond $\\Lambda$CDM. We present the scientific results\nfrom a suite of cosmological N-body simulations using non-standard models\nincluding dynamical dark energy, k-essence, interacting dark energy, modified\ngravity, massive neutrinos, and primordial non-Gaussianities. We investigate\nhow these models affect the large-scale-structure formation and evolution in\naddition to providing synthetic observables that can be used to test and\nconstrain these models with Euclid data. We developed a custom pipeline based\non the Rockstar halo finder and the nbodykit large-scale structure toolkit to\nanalyse the particle output of non-standard simulations and generate mock\nobservables such as halo and void catalogues, mass density fields, and power\nspectra in a consistent way. We compare these observables with those from the\nstandard $\\Lambda$CDM model and quantify the deviations. We find that\nnon-standard cosmological models can leave significant imprints on the\nsynthetic observables that we have generated. Our results demonstrate that\nnon-standard cosmological N-body simulations provide valuable insights into the\nphysics of dark energy and dark matter, which is essential to maximising the\nscientific return of Euclid.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $Λ$CDM. 2. Results from non-standard simulations\",\"authors\":\"Euclid Collaboration, G. RáczJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USADepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, M. -A. BretonInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut de Ciencies de l'EspaiLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, B. FioriniInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK, A. M. C. Le BrunLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, H. -A. WintherInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Z. SakrInstitut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieUniversité St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon, L. PizzutiDipartimento di Fisica \\\"G. Occhialini\\\", Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy, A. RagagninINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, T. GayouxLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, E. AltamuraJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, E. CarellaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica \\\"Aldo Pontremoli\\\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, K. PardedeINFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyInternational Centre for Theoretical PhysicsIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, G. VerzaCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, K. KoyamaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, M. BaldiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PourtsidouInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKHiggs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK, F. VernizziInstitut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. G. AdameDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental, J. AdamekDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, S. AvilaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, C. CarboneINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, G. DespaliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. GiocoliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, C. Hernández-AguayoMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~1, 85748 Garching, Germany, F. HassaniInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, M. KunzUniversité de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, B. LiDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, Y. RaseraLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, FranceInstitut universitaire de France, G. YepesDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental, V. Gonzalez-PerezDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain, P. -S. CorasanitiLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, J. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, N. HamausUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyExcellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. KiesslingJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MarinucciDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"G. Galilei\\\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, C. MorettiSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, D. F. MotaInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, L. PigaDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalyINFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A 43124 Parma, ItalyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, A. PisaniAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USAThe Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 41 Cooper Square, New York, NY 10003, USA, I. SzapudiInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, P. Tallada-CrespíCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, N. AghanimUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. AndreonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, C. BaccigalupiIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BardelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, D. BoninoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, E. BranchiniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, M. BresciaDepartment of Physics \\\"E. Pancini\\\", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, J. BrinchmannInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal, S. CameraDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. CapobiancoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. F. CardoneINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, J. CarreteroCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, S. CasasInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, M. CastellanoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. CastignaniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. CavuotiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, A. CimattiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. Colodro-CondeInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, G. CongedoInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, C. J. ConseliceJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, L. ConversiEuropean Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, ItalyESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, Y. CopinUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, F. CourbinInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, H. M. CourtoisUCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, A. Da SilvaDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, H. DegaudenziDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, G. De LuciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. DouspisUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, F. DubathDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. A. J. DuncanJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, X. DupacESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, S. DusiniINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, A. EaletUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, M. FarinaINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, S. FarrensUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, S. FerriolUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, P. FosalbaInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitut de Ciencies de l'Espai, M. FrailisINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. FranceschiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. FumanaINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. GaleottaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, B. GillisInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, P. Gómez-AlvarezFRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, SpainESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, A. GrazianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, F. GruppMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, S. V. H. HauganInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, W. HolmesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, F. HormuthFelix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany, A. HornstrupTechnical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center, S. IlićUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, FranceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, K. JahnkeMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, M. JhabvalaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, B. JoachimiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, E. KeihänenDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, S. KermicheAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, M. KilbingerUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, T. KitchingMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, B. KubikUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, H. Kurki-SuonioDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, P. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, V. LindholmDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, I. LloroNOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, G. MainettiCentre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, E. MaioranoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, O. MansuttiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, O. MarggrafUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, K. MarkovicJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MartinelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, N. MartinetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, F. MarulliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, R. MasseyDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, E. MedinaceliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. MeiUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, Y. MellierInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, M. MeneghettiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, G. MeylanInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, M. MorescoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, L. MoscardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. -M. NiemiEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, C. PadillaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, S. PaltaniDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, F. PasianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, K. PedersenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, W. J. PercivalWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada, V. PettorinoEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, S. PiresUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, G. PolentaSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy, M. PoncetCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales -- Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, L. A. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, F. RaisonMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, R. ReboloInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, A. RenziDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"G. Galilei\\\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. RhodesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, G. RiccioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, E. RomelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. RoncarelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. SagliaUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, J. -C. SalvignolEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, A. G. SánchezMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, D. SaponeDepartamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile, B. SartorisUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. SchirmerMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, T. SchrabbackUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, A. SecrounAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, G. SeidelMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, S. SerranoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaSatlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences, C. SirignanoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"G. Galilei\\\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, G. SirriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, L. StancoINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. SteinwagnerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. N. TaylorInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, I. TerenoDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, R. Toledo-MoreoUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain, F. TorradeflotPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 BellaterraCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, I. TutusausInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, L. ValenzianoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, T. VassalloUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, G. Verdoes KleijnKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, Y. WangInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, J. WellerUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, E. ZuccaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, A. BivianoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. BoucaudUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, E. BozzoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. BuriganaINAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, M. CalabreseAstronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta ValleyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, D. Di FerdinandoINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. A. Escartin VigoMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, G. FabbianInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UKCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, F. FinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, J. Gracia-CarpioMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. MatthewInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, N. MauriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PezzottaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, M. PöntinenDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. PorcianiUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, V. ScottezInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceJunia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France, M. TentiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. VielIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, M. WiesmannInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Y. AkramiInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, V. AllevatoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, S. AnselmiINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"G. Galilei\\\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, M. ArchidiaconoDipartimento di Fisica \\\"Aldo Pontremoli\\\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, F. Atrio-BarandelaDepartamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain, A. Balaguera-AntolinezInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, M. BallardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, D. BertaccaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"G. Galilei\\\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, L. BlotKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the UniverseLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, S. BorganiDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BrutonMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, R. CabanacInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, A. CalabroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, B. Camacho QuevedoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Space Sciences, A. CappiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, F. CaroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. S. CarvalhoInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, T. CastroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, K. C. ChambersInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, S. ContariniMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. R. CoorayDepartment of Physics \\\\& Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA, B. De CaroINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, S. de la TorreAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, G. DesprezDepartment of Astronomy \\\\& Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada, A. Díaz-SánchezDepartamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, J. J. DiazInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, S. Di DomizioDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, H. DoleUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. EscoffierAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, A. G. FerrariDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, P. G. FerreiraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, I. FerreroInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, A. FontanaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, F. FornariINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, L. GabarraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, K. GangaUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, T. GasparettoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. GaztanagaInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, F. GiacominiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, F. GianottiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. GozaliaslDepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, FinlandDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. M. GutierrezInstituto de Astrofí sica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna E-38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofí sica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, E-38200, Spain, A. HallInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, H. HildebrandtRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, J. HjorthDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, A. Jimenez MuñozUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, J. J. E. KajavaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, FinlandSerco for European Space Agency, V. KansalARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, AustraliaCentre for Astrophysics \\\\& Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, D. KaragiannisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, C. C. KirkpatrickDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, F. LacasaUniversité Libre de BruxellesUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, J. Le GraetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, L. LegrandICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, J. LesgourguesInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, T. I. LiaudatIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. LoureiroOskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, SwedenAstrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, J. Macias-PerezUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, G. MaggioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. MagliocchettiINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, F. MannucciINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy, R. MaoliDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. J. A. P. MartinsCentro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, L. MaurinUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, R. B. MetcalfDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"Augusto Righi\\\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. MiluzioESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainHE Space for European Space Agency, P. MonacoDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. MontoroInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, A. MoraAurora Technology for European Space Agency, G. MorganteINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. NadathurInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, Nicholas A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK, L. PatriziiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, V. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, D. PotterDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, P. ReimbergInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France, I. RissoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, P. -F. RocciUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, M. SahlénTheoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, A. SchneiderDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, M. SerenoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. SilvestriInstitute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, A. Spurio ManciniDepartment of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UKMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, J. StadelDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, K. TanidisDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, C. TaoAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, N. TessoreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, G. TesteraINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, R. TeyssierDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, S. ToftCosmic Dawn CenterCosmic Dawn CenterNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, S. TosiDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, A. TrojaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \\\"G. Galilei\\\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. TucciDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. ValieriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. ValiviitaDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, D. VerganiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, P. VielzeufAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France\",\"doi\":\"arxiv-2409.03523\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The Euclid mission will measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented\\nprecision. To distinguish between cosmological models, it is essential to\\ngenerate realistic mock observables from cosmological simulations that were run\\nin both the standard $\\\\Lambda$-cold-dark-matter ($\\\\Lambda$CDM) paradigm and in\\nmany non-standard models beyond $\\\\Lambda$CDM. We present the scientific results\\nfrom a suite of cosmological N-body simulations using non-standard models\\nincluding dynamical dark energy, k-essence, interacting dark energy, modified\\ngravity, massive neutrinos, and primordial non-Gaussianities. We investigate\\nhow these models affect the large-scale-structure formation and evolution in\\naddition to providing synthetic observables that can be used to test and\\nconstrain these models with Euclid data. We developed a custom pipeline based\\non the Rockstar halo finder and the nbodykit large-scale structure toolkit to\\nanalyse the particle output of non-standard simulations and generate mock\\nobservables such as halo and void catalogues, mass density fields, and power\\nspectra in a consistent way. We compare these observables with those from the\\nstandard $\\\\Lambda$CDM model and quantify the deviations. We find that\\nnon-standard cosmological models can leave significant imprints on the\\nsynthetic observables that we have generated. Our results demonstrate that\\nnon-standard cosmological N-body simulations provide valuable insights into the\\nphysics of dark energy and dark matter, which is essential to maximising the\\nscientific return of Euclid.\",\"PeriodicalId\":501207,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics\",\"volume\":\"74 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03523\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03523","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
欧几里德任务将以前所未有的精度测量宇宙学参数。为了区分不同的宇宙学模型，必须从标准的$\Lambda$-冷-暗物质（$\Lambda$CDM）范式和$\Lambda$CDM之外的许多非标准模型中运行的宇宙学模拟中生成现实的模拟观测数据。我们介绍了使用非标准模型（包括动态暗能量、k-essence、相互作用暗能量、修正引力、大质量中微子和原始非高斯性）进行的一套宇宙学N-体模拟的科学结果。我们研究了这些模型如何影响大尺度结构的形成和演化，此外还提供了可用于用欧几里得数据测试和约束这些模型的合成观测数据。我们开发了一个基于Rockstar光环探测器和nbodykit大尺度结构工具包的定制管道，用于分析非标准模拟的粒子输出，并以一致的方式生成光环和空洞目录、质量密度场和功率谱等模拟观测数据。我们将这些观测数据与来自标准$\Lambda$CDM模型的观测数据进行比较，并对偏差进行量化。我们发现，非标准宇宙学模型会在我们生成的合成观测值上留下重要印记。我们的结果表明，非标准宇宙学 N-体模拟提供了对暗能量和暗物质物理学的宝贵见解，这对最大限度地提高欧几里得的科学回报至关重要。本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。
Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $Λ$CDM. 2. Results from non-standard simulations
The Euclid mission will measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented
precision. To distinguish between cosmological models, it is essential to
generate realistic mock observables from cosmological simulations that were run
in both the standard $\Lambda$-cold-dark-matter ($\Lambda$CDM) paradigm and in
many non-standard models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. We present the scientific results
from a suite of cosmological N-body simulations using non-standard models
including dynamical dark energy, k-essence, interacting dark energy, modified
gravity, massive neutrinos, and primordial non-Gaussianities. We investigate
how these models affect the large-scale-structure formation and evolution in
addition to providing synthetic observables that can be used to test and
constrain these models with Euclid data. We developed a custom pipeline based
on the Rockstar halo finder and the nbodykit large-scale structure toolkit to
analyse the particle output of non-standard simulations and generate mock
observables such as halo and void catalogues, mass density fields, and power
spectra in a consistent way. We compare these observables with those from the
standard $\Lambda$CDM model and quantify the deviations. We find that
non-standard cosmological models can leave significant imprints on the
synthetic observables that we have generated. Our results demonstrate that
non-standard cosmological N-body simulations provide valuable insights into the
physics of dark energy and dark matter, which is essential to maximising the
scientific return of Euclid.
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