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引用次数: 0
摘要
这篇综述论述了参与 DNA 甲基化和去甲基化的酶的功能特点和生物学作用,它们是基因表达表观遗传调控的关键因素。在人体细胞中执行此类过程的酶仅限于两个家族的代表,即 DNMT(DNA 甲基转移酶)和 TET(DNA 二氧酶)。这篇综述详细介绍了目前已知的有关这些家族中每个重要功能成员的信息,并描述了它们在哺乳动物体内的催化活性和作用,同时还举例说明了这些酶的表达和/或活性失调与一些人类疾病(包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和发育病症)的发生有关。通过整合有关控制人体内 DNA "甲基组 "的各种酶功能失调的最新信息,我们不仅希望提请人们注意维持所需的 DNA 甲基化水平(确保基因表达的表观遗传调控和整个机体的正常功能)的重要性,而且还希望帮助确定新的目标,以便有针对性地控制实现 DNA 甲基化和去甲基化过程之间平衡的酶的活性。
The Role of DNMT Methyltransferases and TET Dioxygenases in the Maintenance of the DNA Methylation Level
This review deals with the functional characteristics and biological roles of enzymes participating in DNA methylation and demethylation as key factors in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The set of enzymes that carry out such processes in human cells is limited to representatives of two families, namely DNMT (DNA methyltransferases) and TET (DNA dioxygenases). The review presents detailed information known today about each functionally important member of these families and describes the catalytic activity and roles in the mammalian body while also providing examples of dysregulation of the expression and/or activity of these enzymes in conjunction with the development of some human disorders, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental pathologies. By combining the up-to-date information on the dysfunction of various enzymes that control the DNA “methylome” in the human body, we hope not only to draw attention to the importance of the maintenance of a required DNA methylation level (ensuring epigenetic regulation of gene expression and normal functioning of the entire body) but also to help identify new targets for directed control over the activity of the enzymes that implement the balance between processes of DNA methylation and demethylation.
BiomoleculesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
3.60%
发文量
1640
审稿时长
18.28 days
期刊介绍:
Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focusing on biogenic substances and their biological functions, structures, interactions with other molecules, and their microenvironment as well as biological systems. Biomolecules publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.