The effect of mesoporous bioglass on hemostatic, antibacterial and biocompatible properties of composite sponge

Hemostatic materials used in penetrating injuries or incompressible wounds must possess exceptional efficacy in preventing bleeding. In this study, mesoporous bioglass (MBG) was synthesized using a two-step acid-catalyzed self-assembly method, and a novel hemostatic sponge (MBG/CH/GEL) was prepared by combining chitosan (CH), gelatin (GEL), and MBG using a freeze-drying method. The characteristics and hemostatic effects of the MBG/CH/GEL composite hemostatic sponge were analyzed and evaluated. Research has shown that the high specific surface area of MBG (730 m²/g) provides more blood cell adhesion sites during hemostasis, resulting in a low hemolysis rate, favorable swelling rate, and porosity of the hemostatic sponge. Additionally, MBG can release Si⁴⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions during hemostasis, giving the composite hemostatic sponge excellent cell compatibility and promoting cell growth. Compared with commercially available gelatin hemostatic sponges, it cannot only quickly stop bleeding but also has a greater compressive strength (212.07 kPa) and adhesion strength (11.54 ± 0.16 kPa), making it suitable for use in hemostasis of incompressible wounds. Furthermore, the composite hemostatic sponge exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results indicate that the MBG/CH/GEL composite hemostatic sponge, which is a hemostatic material, has promising applications.